铋膜修饰电极测定蕃茄制品中苏丹红Ⅰ

采用预镀法将Bi 3+还原成金属铋固定在玻碳电极表面,制成稳定的铋膜修饰玻碳电极(BFE),利用循环伏安法(CV)、方波伏安法(SWV)研究了苏丹红Ⅰ在该电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在pH=2.0的B-R缓冲溶液、乙醇溶液中,苏丹红Ⅰ在-380mV附近产生一灵敏的还原峰,在优化的实验条件下,苏丹红Ⅰ的峰电流iP与其浓度在1.0×10-7～1.6×10-5 mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,R=0.9987,检出限为3.3×10-8 mol/L。铋膜电极无毒、无污染,灵敏度高,为检测苏丹红Ⅰ提供了一种安全有效的新方法。     

Compressed matrix thin film (CMTF)-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric analysis

The inhomogeneous re-crystallization process of matrix materials is the major concerns associated with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis. We describe here the approach termed compressed matrix thin film (CMTF) in order to make a uniform matrix deposition. In this approach, solid matrix particles are compressed under 10 MPa of pressure by a compressor that is regularly used in infrared spectroscopic analysis. Then aqueous samples can be deposited on the surface of the matrix film. Major advantages of the CMTF approach are summarized as follows. (1) Reproducible sample preparation procedure. Size and thickness of matrix thin films can be controlled by using a fixed mold.force and known amount of matrix materials. (2) Significantly decreased shot-to-shot variations and enhanced reproducibility. (3) Tolerance for in situ salt washing. Because matrix materials are hydrophobic, salts can be washed away while proteins or peptides are retained on the surface of matrix thin films through hydrophobic interactions. (4) Improved sensitivity. The hydrophobic coating of MALDI sample plate by matrix thin films prevents the spreading of samples across the plate and confines analytes to a small area, leading to increased local concentration. (5) A new means for tissue analysis. Tissue sections can be directly transferred to the uniform surface of matrix materials for reproducible and quantitative comparison of different molecules in different localization. The proposed CMTF should be an enabling technique for mass spectrometric analysis with improved correlations between signal intensities and sample quantities.     

Computational gibberellin‐binding channel discovery unraveling the unexpected perception mechanism of hormone signal by gibberellin receptor

Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones essential for many developmental processes in plants. In this work, fundamental mechanism of hormone perception by receptor GID1 has been studied by performing computational simulations, revealing a new GA‐binding channel of GID1 and a novel hormone perception mechanism involving only one conformational state of GID1. The novel hormone perception mechanism demonstrated here is remarkably different from the previously proposed/speculated mechanism [Murase et al., Nature 2008 , 456, 459] involving two conformational states (“OPEN” and “CLOSED”) of GID1. According to the new perception mechanism, GA acts as a “conformational stabilizer,” rather than the previously speculated “allosteric inducer,” to induce the recognition of protein DELLA by GID1. The novel mechanistic insights obtained in this study provide a new starting point for further studies on the detailed molecular mechanisms of GID1 interacting with DELLA and various hormones and for mechanism‐based rational design of novel, potent growth regulators that target crops and ornamental plants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Efficient synthesis of functionalized 6-substituted-thiosalicylates via microwave-promoted Suzuki cross-coupling reaction

Functionalized 6-substituted-thiosalicylates are key intermediates for the synthesis of pyrimidinyl(thio)salicylic acids, a group of important herbicides targeting plant acetohydroxyacid synthase. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop an efficient method for the syntheses of 6-substituted-thiosalicylates. Herein, we have developed a direct and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized 6-substituted-thiosalicylates (4) from aryl iodide (1) by using an improved microwave-assisted Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Almost all the reactions proceeded smoothly and afforded moderate to excellent yields of products. Moreover, this protocol is obviously superior to the traditional available methods and could be utilized to synthesize pyrimidinyl(thio)salicylic acid and its derivatives.     

Synthesis of substituted naphthalenes from α-substituted ketones and 1,2-bis(halomethyl)benzenes including a rearrangement aromatization of benzo[c]oxepine

An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of cyano, sulfonyl and phosphoryl substituted naphthalene derivatives via the rearrangement aromatization of benzo[c]oxepine has been developed. The system holds the advantages of metal catalysts free, and mild reaction conditions.     

Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Carboxylic Anhydrides with Arylboronic Acids

We report a new, effective and environmentally friendly protocol for selective aerobic oxidative coupling of arylboronic acids with carboxylic anhydrides in the presence of ligand‐free palladium catalyst. The aryl benzoates are obtained in good to excellent yields.     

基于“贯穿-翻转”混合式教学模式探索普通本科院校有机化学教学*

融合线下教育和线上平台教育,构建学生的认知脉络,使教学视角由教师转变为学生,从而激发学生的自主学习意识,加强教师与学生、学生与学生间的交流互动,提升教学效果。“贯穿-翻转”混合式教学模式通过留问题、查成效、齐互动、知识成脉络、测达标等5个步骤实施教学过程。     

Combustion synthesis of mesoporous CoAl2O4 for peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade organic pollutants

A mesoporous cobalt aluminate (CoAl₂O₄) spinel is synthesized through a combustion method and adopted for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade organic pollutants. Multiple characterization procedures are conducted to investigate the morphology and physicochemical properties of the CoAl₂O₄ spinel. Due to its mesoporous structure, large surface area, and high electrical conductivity, the obtained CoAl₂O₄ exhibits remarkable catalytic activity for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. Its RhB degradation rate is 89.0 and 10.5 times greater than those of Co₃O₄ and CoAl₂O₄ spinel prepared by a precipitation method, respectively. Moreover, the mesoporous CoAl₂O₄ spinel demonstrates a broad operating pH range and excellent recyclability. The influence of several parameters (catalyst amount, PMS concentration, initial pH, and coexisting inorganic anions) on the oxidation of RhB is evaluated. Through quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments, sulfate radicals are identified as the predominant reactive species in RhB degradation. This paper provides new insights for the development of efficient, stable, and reusable cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts and promotes the application of persulfate activation technology for the treatment of refractory organic wastewater.     

Complex network study of Asian Go players

Tournaments of the game of Go can be represented as a directed network in which the vertices are players and a directed link is pointing from the winner to the loser for each game. In this article, we present some interesting results for the network of Asian Go players, which is composed of 756 Go players and 9473 tournaments. It is found that the topological structure of this network displays the small-world property and a significant rich-club phenomenon where high-degree nodes are tightly interconnected. In addition, we consider the weighted version of the network, and find the weights obey power-law distributions, while the strengths follow stretched exponential distributions. The time evolution of the network structure is studied and the corresponding results discussed. The analysis of this work provides a deeper understanding for the competition network structure of Asian Go players.