Almost periodic solutions for a class of Liénard-type systems with multiple varying time delays

This paper considers the Liénard-type systems with multiple varying time delays. Some sufficient conditions for the existence and exponential stability of the almost periodic solutions are established, which are new and complement previously known results.     

Planar graphs without cycles of length 4, 5, 8, or 9 are 3-choosable

It is shown that a planar graph without cycles of length 4, 5, 8, or 9 is 3-choosable.     

Shell-in-Shell TiO2 hollow microspheres and optimized application in light-trapping perovskite solar cells

The shell-in-shell structured TiO₂ hollow microspheres with enhanced light scattering ability were synthesized via a facile one step hydrothermal process. The diameter of the microsphere is about 1.5 μm, the core of the unique shell-in-shell structure is composed of TiO₂ nanoparticles with a diameter of about 15 nm, while the shell is constructed with ∼50 nm TiO₂ nanocubes. The hollow space between the outer shell and the inner shell is about 230 nm. The formation mechanism of the unique shell-in-shell structure is interpreted. The design and the optimized application of shell-in-shell structured TiO₂ hollow microspheres in the light-trapping perovskite solar cells are also investigated. Owing to the light scattering properties of the shell-in-shell structure of the hollow microsphere, the optimized photoelectrode exhibits an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.29% using perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ as the sensitizer. The shell-in-shell hollow TiO₂ microsphere shows a 21.2% increase in conversion efficiency when compared with P₂₅ nanoparticels photoanode. The conversion efficiency enhancement is mainly attributed to the increase of short-current density induced by the light scattering effect.     

Ionic Covalent Organic Framework: What Does the Unique Ionic Site Bring to Us?

Ionic covalent organic frameworks featuring both crystallinity and charged sites have arose tremendous attention from scientific community. The adjustable textural structures, well-defined channels and abundant charged sites of ionic COFs facilitate great potential in diverse aspects, such as separation, ion conduction, sensing, catalysis and energy storage. In this review, we first introduced the design and construction of ionic covalent organic frameworks(COFs), and classified them according to the types of charged sites. We focused on the various applications of ionic COFs in diverse fields. The structure-function relationship was also explored in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of ionic COFs were summarized to provide guidance for better design and application of ionic COFs.     

弱外生性条件下双固定效应模型估计方法的优化

固定效应模型是排除其他干扰因素以确定因果机制的有效工具,在企业面板数据分析等领域得到广泛应用。由于企业个体异质性等原因,普通固定效应方法无法解决估计的冗余参数问题。本文沿着折刀法的思路逐步修正低阶偏差和高阶偏差,在弱外生性条件下构建Half-Panel Jackknife方法,并将适用范围拓展到短面板线性模型,弥补了现有方法的不足。最后,采用企业并购重组和政府补助影响企业创新的两个实例,研究发现,对半面板折刀法在双固定效应模型中能较好地控制企业数据的抽样特征与个体异质性。     

钯(Ⅱ)-柠檬黄-离子液体三元络合体系的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用研究

在pH2.0～6.0的BR缓冲溶液中,Pd(II)与柠檬黄(TTZ)形成的络离子与溴化1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑([C16mim]Br)离子液体发生作用形成离子缔合物,引起溶液共振瑞利散射(RRS)显著增强,并产生新的RRS光谱,其最大RRS峰位于458nm.在0.043～0.860μg/mL范围内散射强度(ΔI)与柠檬黄的浓度成正比.该方法简单灵敏,对柠檬黄的检出限(3σ/K)为5.5ng/mL(n=11).建立了一种简便、快速测定柠檬黄的新方法,并成功用于饮料样中柠檬黄含量的测定.     

Positron-Impact Excitation of Hydrogen Atoms in Debye Plasmas

The positron-impact excitation of hydrogen atoms embedded in plasma environments is investigated using the close-coupling approximation from the low to intermediate energy region without including any positronium formation channel, and the excitation cross sections for 1s→2s, 1s→2p and 2s→2p processes are calculated in a wide Debye parameter range. The screening interactions, described by the Debye-Hückel model, decrease the coupling matrix elements, resulting in the reduction of the excitation cross sections from a few percent to one magnitude of ten. This will alter remarkably the spectroscopy of hydrogen in intensity and position, which should be considered in the simulation and diagnostics under some specific plasma conditions.     

Organization and energy properties of metastable states for the random-field Ising model

Random-field Ising model (RFIM) systems are characterized by a large number of metastable states corresponding to local minima of the system energy with respect to single spin flip. We classified the minima in a hierarchical way based on the possibility of a given state to escape from a basin of mutually reachable states. We investigate the energy properties of the metastable states in relation to the basin they belong to: states of particularly high energy, obtained by fast-quenching randomly initial spin configurations, tend to have access to a complex structure of correlated basins, opposite to what is found for low-energy states. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the connection between the properties of the basin oriented graph and the energy of the corresponding states.     

A generalization of the three-dimensional Bernfeld–Haddock conjecture and its proof

Consider the following system of delay differential equations

where r₁, r₂ and r₃ are positive constants, F, GC(R¹), and F is nondecreasing on R¹. These systems have important practical applications and also are a three-dimensional generalization of the Bernfeld–Haddock conjecture. In this paper, by using comparative technique, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of solutions that each bounded solution of the systems tends to a constant vector under a desirable condition.