Gas-phase ion equilibria studies of protons and chloride ions in propanol and acetone

The gas-phase clustering reactions of proton in propanol and acetone, and chloride ions in acetone were investigated. The −ΔH_n−1,n values obtained for clustering reactions (n−1,n) were as follows: H⁺ (C₃H₇OH)_n−1 + C₃H₇OH ⇄ H⁺ (C₃H₇OH)_n, (2, 3) 18.9 kcal mol⁻¹, (3, 4) 14.2 kcal mol⁻¹, (4, 5) 11.7 kcal mol⁻¹; H⁺ (CH₃COCH₃)₂ + CH₃COCH₃ ⇄ H⁺ (CH₃COCH₃)₃, 14.2 kcal mol⁻¹; and Cl⁻ + CH₃COCH₃ ⇄ Cl⁻ (CH₃COCH₃), 12.4 kcal mol.⁻¹. For clustering reactions, Cl⁻ (CH₃COCH_3n−1 + CH₃COCH₃ ⇄ Cl⁻ (CH₃COCH₃)_n where n ≥ 2, the equilibria could not be established; probably due to the isomerization of ligand acetone molecules from the keto to enol form.     

基于主动学习Kriging模型与序列重要抽样的随机-区间混合可靠性分析

针对随机-区间混合可靠性分析中复杂功能函数的高非线性和多设计点问题,本文提出了一种结合主动学习Kriging模型与序列重要抽样方法的混合可靠性分析方法.在序列重要采样方法中采用高斯混合分布作为提议分布进行逐级采样,逐步逼近最优重要抽样函数的采样样本;结合序列重要抽样方法的特点,提出了主动学习Kriging模型的两步学习...     

若干圈限制平面图的星边染色

图G的星边染色是指G的一个正常边染色,使得G中任一长为4的路和长为4的圈均不是2-边染色的.图G的星边色数χ’_st(G)表示图G有星边染色的最小颜色数.设G是最大度为Δ的平面图,我们证明了:(1)若G不含4-圈,则χ’_st(G)≤[1.5Δ]+15;(2)若g≥5,则χ’_st(G)≤[1.5Δ」+10;(3)若g=7,则χ’_st(G)≤[1.5Δ」+6.     

Détermination du macromélange du Liquide lt des solides dans une unitéà Boues activées en fonctionnement normal avec recyclage

The nature of liquid and solid phase flows in activated sludge reactor units has not yet been investigated thoroughly.We have been able to obtain residence time distribution (RTD) curves for the two phases in a laboratory scale activated sludge reactor in normal operation.For the liquid phase, the RTD curves were obtained by deconvolution of the entry and exit signals. Solid phase RTD curves were obtained by extrapolation of the exit signal.From analysis of RTD data for the two phases, we have been able to show that there is a difference between the mean residence times calculated for the liquid and solid phases; this is due to the distribution of porosites in the aeration tank.These results demonstrate the importance of the contact time distribution (CTD) in the design of activated sludge units.     

Infrared spectra of matrix isolated sulfur dibromide and sulfur diiodide

When sulfur dichloride or disulfur dichloride vapour diluted with argon and mixed with bromine or iodine have passed a microwave discharge the products are isolated in an argon matrix at 9 K. Infrared spectra of these products show absorptions which are assigned to the unknown sulfur dibromide SBr₂ and sulfur diiodide SI₂, respectively.     

Investigation on deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by transesterification

The deactivation cause of lead-zinc double oxide for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol has been investigated.X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),infrared spectroscopy (IR),thermogravimetry analysis (TG),atomic absorption spectroscopy and elementary analysis are employed for the catalyst characterizaton.The results show that,the formation of Pb40(OC6H5)6 through the reaction of phenol and lead species in the catalyst leads to the crystal phase change of active component and serious leaching of lead,which is the cause of the catalyst deactivation.In addition,the composition of the leached lead is ascertained to be a mixture of Pb40(OC6H5)6 and PbO with the weight percentage of 62.7% and 37.3%,respectively.     

Plasma-induced grafting of polydimethylsiloxane onto polyurethane surface: Characterization and in vitro assay

Plasma-induced grafting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto the surface of polyurethane (PU) film. The virgin, plasma treated, and PDMS grafted PU films were characterized by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, water drop contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ATR-FTIR spectrogram of the grafted film showed the new characteristic peaks of PDMS. These grafted surfaces exhibited higher hydrophobicity and homogenous morphology. In vitro cell culture study showed that modified surfaces as well as virgin film were compatible with fibroblast cells. The formation of graft polymers combines the biostability of silicone with excellent physical and mechanical properties of PU.     

Homogeneous-aligned high-transmission and fast-response liquid crystal display with three-layer electrodes

A homogeneous-aligned, high-transmission, and fast-response liquid crystal display (LCD) with three-layer electrodes is proposed. The molecules of liquid crystals are more inclined to rotate above and between the pixel electrodes. This induces a much higher transmission than that of the cell driven by the fringe field switching method and a wide viewing angle simultaneously because of the combined fringe and in-plane electric fields. Furthermore, a trigger pulse voltage is applied between the top and common electrodes to forcibly align the liquid crystal molecules vertically to show the transient dark state, which results in a very fast turn-off time (～1 ms). With high degree of transmission and fast response time, this kind of LCD is a potential candidate for large LCD panels.     

Ar环境气压对纳米Si晶粒成核区范围的影响

为了研究不同环境气压条件下纳米Si晶粒成核区的范围,采用波长为308 nm的 XeCl脉冲准分子激光器,分别在1-200 Pa的Ar气环境下, 烧蚀高阻抗单晶Si靶,在距离烧蚀点正下方2.0 cm处水平放置一系列单晶Si 或玻璃衬底,沉积制备了纳米Si薄膜. Raman谱和X射线衍射谱测量证实了薄膜中纳米Si晶粒已经形成. 扫描电子显微镜的测量结果表明,环境气压的变化影响了衬底上纳米Si晶粒的平均尺寸及其分布范围. 根据成核区位置的确定方法,计算得出随着环境气压的增加纳米Si晶粒成核区的范围先变宽后变窄的规律. 从烧蚀动力学的角度对实验结果进行了分析.     

一种光正交频分复用系统的联合相位均衡方法

正交频分复用（OFDM）技术加相干接收与数字信号处理法(DSP)的组合是超长距离光通信的理想模型。光OFDM系统对相位噪声十分敏感,必须对相位噪声进行补偿。提出一种基于正交小波基变换的光OFDM系统的联合相位均衡方案。该方案将块状导频周期性地插入OFDM信号,在接收端利用导频信息首先消除各个子载波的公共相位误差,然后采用自适应均衡方式消除每个子载波自身相位误差。仿真结果表明,对于二进制正交振幅键控(4QAM)调制信号,在采用常规的G.652光纤、100 Gb/s的相干光OFDM系统中,该联合相位补偿方法可使信号在满足传输系统的误码性能要求下,传输距离达到1000 km。