Experiment on the object-image distance parameter in the X-ray phase contrast imaging system

For the X-ray phase contrast imaging system, in addition to the hardware-related parameters, the object-image distance is an important parameter that affects the imaging results. Based on the Fresnel diffraction theory, the X-ray phase contrast formation mechanism is analyzed to find the theoretical relationship between the object-image distance parameter and the image contrast. Through the experimental simulation on a ball model, images with edge enhancement effect and image contrast data were obtained with regard to different object-image distance conditions. The analysis and experimental results show that, clear image information about the edges of the sample structures can be got if the object-image distance parameter is set suitably.     

Transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of single-mode fiber coupler for fiber gyro application

The relationship between the transmitting spectra characteristic of a fused single mode fiber coupler (SMFC) and the performance of interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) is analyzed in theory firstly. Then the transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of SMFC is experimented, and the influence of the spectrum-stability of the SMFC on IFOG is simulated and experimented. Through the theory analysis and experiment research, it is confirmed that the spectrum output from the SMFC's throughput port is more stable than that output from the coupled port, and the bias instability of the rotation errors induced by the variation of spectrum output from the SMFC's coupled port is 10 times of that output from the throughput port. Therefore, to choose the SMFC's throughput port as the input port for navigation-grade gyroscope is an effective method to improve the IFOG's performance.     

The effect of two-photon absorption and optical excitation area on the generation of THz radiation

It was found experimentally that the THz radiation throughput based on optical rectification is strongly related to the optical excitation size in a ZeTe emitter. The factors affecting the THz radiation throughput are investigated in detail both experimentally and theoretically. By taking into account optical rectification, diffraction and two-photon absorption effects, a theoretical model is established to describe the emitting field intensity of THz radiation. There is excellent agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data under high excitation power. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that there is a trade-off between these three effects for THz radiation, and that in order to increase the THz radiation throughput based on optical rectification, one should choose suitable excitation size under a given pump power.     

da Vinci fluids,catch-up dynamics and dense granular flow

We introduce and study a da Vinci fluid, a fluid whose dissipation is dominated by solid friction. We analyse the flow rheology of a discrete model and then coarse-grain it to the continuum. We find that the model gives rise to behaviour that is characteristic of dense granular fluids. In particular, it leads to plug flow. We analyse the nucleation mechanism of plugs and their development. We find that plug boundaries generically expand and we calculate the growth rate of plug regions. In systems whose internal effective dynamic and static friction coefficients are relatively uniform we find that the linear size of plug regions grows as (time)^1/3 . The suitability of the model to granular materials is discussed.     

Circulation times of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by in vivo flow cytometry

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） may metastasize to many organs. The survival rate is almost zero for metastatic HCC patients. Molecular mechanisms of HCC metastasis need to be understood better and new therapies must be developed. We have developed the ＂in vivo microscopy＂ to study the mechanisms that govern liver tumor cells spreading through the microenvironment in vivo. A recently developed ＂in vivo flow cytometer＂ combined with real-time confocal fluorescence imaging is used to assess spreading and the circulation kinetics of liver tumor cells. We measure the depletion kinetics of two related human HCC cell lines, high-metastatic HCCLM3 cells and low-metastatic HepG2 cells, which are from the same origin and obtained by repetitive screenings in mice. More than 60% of the HCCLM3 cells are depleted within the first hour. Interestingly, the low-metastatic HepG2 cells possess noticeably slower depletion kinetics. In comparison, less than 40% of the HepG2 cells are depleted within the first hour. The differences in depletion kinetics might provide insights into early metastasis processes.     

Harmonic wavelet-based data filtering for enhanced machine defect identification

A filter construction technique is presented for enhanced defect identification in rotary machine systems. Based on the generalized harmonic wavelet transform, a series of sub-frequency band wavelet coefficients are constructed by choosing different harmonic wavelet parameter pairs. The energy and entropy associated with each sub-frequency band are then calculated. The filtered signal is obtained by choosing the wavelet coefficients whose corresponding sub-frequency band has the maximum energy-to-entropy ratio. Experimental studies using rolling bearings that contain different types of structural defects have confirmed that the developed new technique enables high signal-to-noise ratio for effective machine defect identification.     

一种印刷型薄膜太阳能电池p-n结调制技术

能带值为0.5~0.85 eV材料的稀缺是多结太阳能电池面临的一个主要挑战,本文使用非真空的机械化学法合成了能带值为0.83 eV的Cu₂SnS₃化合物,使用印刷技术将其制备成吸收层薄膜,并采用superstrate太阳能电池结构(Mo/Cu₂SnS₃/In₂S₃/TiO₂/FTO glass)对其光伏特性进行了研究.实验表明所制备的太阳能电池短路电流密度、开路电压、填充因子和转换效率分别为12.38 mA/cm²、320 mV、0.28和1.10%.此外,为更好地满足多结太阳能电池对电流匹配的需求,本文对所制备太阳能电池的Cu₂SnS₃/In₂S₃ p-n结进行了分析.通过在p-n结界面植入一层薄的疏松缓冲层,使调制后的太阳能电池短路电流密度从最初的12.38 mA/cm²增加到了23.15 mA/cm²,相应太阳能电池转换效率从1.1%增加到了1.92%.该p-n调制技术对印刷型薄膜太阳能电池具有重要借鉴意义.     

基于法布里-珀罗调谐滤波器的傅里叶域锁模扫频激光光源

报道了一个光纤型1300 nm波段的傅里叶域锁模(Fourier domain mode locking, FDML)扫频激光光源, 用于扫频光学相干层析成像技术 (optical coherence tomography, OCT) 成像. 本实验扫频激光光源采用包含增益介质、调谐滤波器和延迟线组成的长腔激光谐振腔以及光功率增强单元. FDML扫频激光光源具有快速和高度稳定运转模式, 相位稳定性好. 基于法布里-珀罗调谐滤波器(fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter, FFP-TF)的FDML扫频激光光源扫频范围为130 nm, 半高全宽为70 nm, 输出平均功率是11 mW. 与基于FFP-TF的短腔的扫频光源做了对比研究, FDML扫频光源速度从短腔的8 kHz提高到了48.12 kHz, 对应生物组织OCT成像轴向分辨率为7.8 μm, 比短腔的减小了1.9 μm. 关键词： 光学相干层析技术 扫频激光光源 傅里叶域锁模 法布里-珀罗调谐滤波器     

Discrimination of Patients with Varying Degrees of Coronary Artery Stenosis by ECG and PCG Signals Based on Entropy

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death. This study aimed to propose an effective method for mining cardiac mechano-electric coupling information and to evaluate its ability to distinguish patients with varying degrees of coronary artery stenosis (VDCAS). Five minutes of electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram signals was collected synchronously from 191 VDCAS patients to construct heartbeat interval (RRI)–systolic time interval (STI), RRI–diastolic time interval (DTI), HR-corrected QT interval (QTcI)–STI, QTcI–DTI, Tpeak–Tend interval (TpeI)–STI, TpeI–DTI, Tpe/QT interval (Tpe/QTI)–STI, and Tpe/QTI–DTI series. Then, the cross sample entropy (XSampEn), cross fuzzy entropy (XFuzzyEn), joint distribution entropy (JDistEn), magnitude-squared coherence function, cross power spectral density, and mutual information were applied to evaluate the coupling of the series. Subsequently, support vector machine recursive feature elimination and XGBoost were utilized for feature selection and classification, respectively. Results showed that the joint analysis of XSampEn, XFuzzyEn, and JDistEn had the best ability to distinguish patients with VDCAS. The classification accuracy of severe CHD—mild-to-moderate CHD group, severe CHD—chest pain and normal coronary angiography (CPNCA) group, and mild-to-moderate CHD—CPNCA group were 0.8043, 0.7659, and 0.7500, respectively. The study indicates that the joint analysis of XSampEn, XFuzzyEn, and JDistEn can effectively capture the cardiac mechano-electric coupling information of patients with VDCAS, which can provide valuable information for clinicians to diagnose CHD.