高分辨率光谱学揭示东太平洋CC区结核金属赋存状态及富集机制

赤道东太平洋克拉里昂-克利珀顿带(CCZ)是全球最有经济潜力的结核成矿带,存在巨量的Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn和Li金属资源。前人对CCZ结核的研究偏重化学、矿物学分析,对结核显微纹层、金属赋存状态缺少高分辨率光谱学分析,制约了对金属富集机制的理解。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、微区X射线荧光面扫(XRF)、激光剥蚀电感耦合多接受质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对克拉里昂-克利珀顿带结核的显微纹层展开高分辨率分析,结果表明结核是由水成层韵律和成岩层韵律交替形成的。水成层由水羟锰矿组成,具有低的Mn/Fe, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn和高的Co, Fe, Ti, V含量,推测受铁的羟基氧化物库仑力吸附作用和高价锰氧化物八面体的表面氧化作用,水成层吸纳高含量Co, Ti和V元素。成岩层矿物组分主要是水钠锰矿,吸纳高含量的Li, Ni, Cu和Zn,其吸纳能力随Mn/Fe升高而提高,当Mn/Fe>8达到峰值。笔者认为结核生长环境中的Mn和Fe相对通量控制了结核的矿物类型和化学组分,而金属通量也可能影响了结核的金属成分。     

Magnetofection: Magic magnetic nanoparticles for efficient gene delivery

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become a research hotspot and widely used in the biomedical field in recent decades due to their unique magnetic properties. This minireview summarizes the specific gene transfection of magnetic particles (magnetofection) during eversy dynamic process of gene delivery (gene binding, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, intracellular trafficking and in vivo targeting). Meanwhile, the synergistic biomedical application of magnetofection and the effects of MNPs have also been discussed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic mediated hyperthermia (MMH), Fenton reaction and autophagy. Finally, the clinical prospect of magnetofection was briefly expected.     

Insoluble carbonaceous materials as electron shuttles enhance the anaerobic/anoxic bioremediation of redox pollutants: Recent advances

Carbonaceous materials can accelerate extracellular electron transfer for the biotransformation of many recalcitrant, redox-sensitive contaminants and have received considerable attention in fields related to anaerobic bioremediation. As important electron shuttles(ESs), carbonaceous materials effectively participate in redox biotransformation processes, especially microbially-driven Fe reduction or oxidation coupled with pollutions transformation and anaerobic fermentation for energy and by-pro...     

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of LiMn2O4 cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries

LiMn₂O₄ cathode materials with high discharge capacity and good cyclic stability were prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal treatment of KMnO₄, aniline and LiOH solutions at 120–180 °C for 24 h. The aniline/KMnO₄ molar ratio (R) and hydrothermal temperature exhibited an obvious influence on the component and phase structures of the resulting product. The precursor KMnO₄ was firstly reduced to birnessite when R was less than 0.2:1 at 120–150 °C. Pure-phased LiMn₂O₄ was formed when R was 0.2:1, and the LiMn₂O₄ was further reduced to Mn₃O₄ when R was kept in the range of 0.2–0.3 at 120–150 °C. Moreover, LiMn₂O₄ was fabricated when R was 0.15:1 at 180 °C. Octahedron-like LiMn₂O₄ about 300 nm was prepared at 120 °C, and particle size decreased with an increase in hydrothermal temperature. Especially, LiMn₂O₄ synthesized at 150 °C exhibited the best electrochemical performance with the highest initial discharge capacity of 127.4 mAh g⁻¹ and cycling capacity of 106.1 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. The high discharge capacity and cycling stability of the as-prepared LiMn₂O₄ cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries were ascribed to the appropriate particle size and larger cell volume.     

Synthesis and Effects of Heat Treatments on Luminescence Behavior of a Templated Borate

Templated pentaborates have potential application as LEDs. The organically templated pentaborate [C₂H₈N][B₅O₆(OH)₄] ( A ) was synthesized by the reaction of dimethylamine with boric acid in pyridine solution and the compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as TG‐DTA analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction. The crystallographic structure of A was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P$\bar{1}$ with the parameters of a = 8.893(7) (Å), b = 8.902(7) (Å), c = 16.967(16) (Å), α = 102.620(12)°,β = 102.817(11)°, γ = 99.107(5)°, V = 1247.5(18) ų and Z = 4. The luminescent properties of the compound were studied, and a purple‐pink luminescence occurs with an emission maximum at 473 nm. The photoluminescence of A can be changed from purple‐pink to white by means of a simple heat‐treatment process. The white‐light‐emission of the as‐synthesized sample G makes the pentaborate a good candidate for display and lighting applications in white LEDs.     

刻蚀深度对GaN基微尺寸LED芯片RC特性的影响

隔离槽的制作是实现阵列芯片单元独立的有效方法。本文采用感应耦合等离子体干法刻蚀（ICP）和具有高刻蚀比的SiO₂与光刻胶混合掩膜在GaN基微尺寸LED上制备了3种深度的隔离槽和6种不同的芯片尺寸结构。通过电致发光（EL）和电容计表征不同刻蚀深度对LED芯片电学性能和电容大小的影响。实验结果表明,小尺寸的芯片有着更高的电流承受密度和更小的电容值,隔离槽刻蚀深度的增加能降低电容和电阻,从而使RC时间常数得到降低。有源层直径为120 μm的芯片从仅有Mesa刻蚀到完全刻蚀到蓝宝石衬底,其RC调制带宽从155 MHz增大到176 MHz。减小芯片尺寸和完全刻蚀到蓝宝石衬底能有效减小芯片RC常数。这些工作将有助于GaN基LED的未来设计和制造,以提高高频可见光通信的调制带宽和光功率。     

锂离子动力电池极片的激光切割分析

为适应锂离子动力电池行业发展需求,寻求一种高效高质切片方式,本文研究了多种激光器的切片质量。通过影像测量仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对比发现,100 ns脉宽调Q型1 064 nm光纤激光器切割正极铝箔时毛刺和热影响区(HAZ)约为15μm和60μm,切负极铜箔时HAZ约为200μm; 20 ns脉宽的MOPA光纤激光器切割铝箔毛刺10μm,HAZ约为20μm,切铜箔时HAZ约70μm;脉宽为10 ps的固体激光器切割铝箔毛刺和HAZ分别约为6μm和10μm,切铜箔时实现无熔融重凝区; 20 ns脉宽的355 nm紫外和532 nm的绿光固体激光器切割铝箔HAZ分别为10μm和17μm,切铜箔时HAZ则分别为大于70μm和100μm。实验结果表明:脉宽越窄,重复频率越高,切割的极片质量越好,ps激光器切割的极片精度最高,质量最好,是切割极片最理想激光器。而目前,频率高、脉宽相对窄的MOPA光纤激光器切割速度最高,切割的正极片完全满足工业要求,更适合极片切割的工业推广。     

视频图像多分辨率变换IP核

讨论一种兼容多种视频信号模式,且可自动调节分辨率的视频显示控制器IP软核的设计。该软核采用插值算法进行图像处理,利用硬件编程语言VHDL对FPGA进行设计,也可利用小波变换方法对图像处理算法进一步优化。