拖曳体激发内波时空特性实验及其理论模型

在具有密度跃层的分层流体中,采用沿水槽中纵剖面对称布置电导率探头阵列的方法,对1个球体和2个不同长径比细长体在拖曳运动下激发内波的时空特性进行了系列实验.结果表明:存在一个与长径比近似为线性关系的临界Froude数Frc,当FrFr_c时,内波相关速度均与物体运动速度一致,体积效应内波为主控内波,内波波高均随拖曳速度增大而先增大后减小,Lee波峰值对应速度随长径比增大而增大;当FrFr_c时,内波相关速度均小于物体运动速度,其相关速度Froude数Fr_(iw)均在0.43—1.18之间的一个条带内变化,尾迹效应内波为主控内波,内波波高均随拖曳速度增大而近似线性增大.此外,从波形结构上看,体积效应内波关于水槽中纵剖面是对称的,而尾迹效应内波关于水槽中纵剖面是不对称的.结合上述实验结果,在已有针对拖曳球产生内波的等效源理论模型基础上,针对体积效应内波,提出了不同长径比模型的等效源移动速度和体积的设置方法;针对尾迹效应内波正对称和反对称这一特性,提出了正对称组合源和反对称组合源理论模型及其参数设置方法.所得计算结果在波高、波形结构和波系分布上与实验结果符合良好,表明了所提出的理论模型及其参数设置方法的合理性和有效性.     

破片高速侵彻中厚背水钢板的剩余特性

为探讨破片高速侵彻中厚背水钢板的剩余特性,通过弹道实验,分析了弹体和靶板的破坏模式,比较了破片侵彻垂直和倾斜背水钢板后的瞬时余速和运动轨迹, 以及由此引起的初始冲击波的压力特性。结果表明,破片在高速侵彻下,头部产生了严重的镦粗变形,钢板背后水介质的动支撑作用不容忽视;背水钢板的破坏模式主要为剪切冲塞破坏,背弹面穿孔存在绝热剪切效应;破片穿透背水钢板初期,会产生空泡和射流,空泡大小和射流强度与破片入水初速有关,而空泡形状和射流方向则受背水钢板的倾斜角度影响;破片穿透背水钢板后,在水中的运动轨迹会发生偏转,偏转方向与破片入水初速有关;由于水介质的动支撑作用和动能耗散效应,破片穿透背水钢板后的动能损失要大于穿透背空钢板的情形;水中初始冲击波的压力特性应考虑稀疏波的影响;相同初速下,破片侵彻垂直背水钢板引起的初始冲击波的峰值压力较侵彻倾斜背水钢板要大。     

The effect of misalignment on performance characteristics of engine main crankshaft bearings

The effect of static misalignment on the dynamic behaviour of a main crankshaft bearing is examined in this paper. The mobility method of Booker is used to predict the performance parameters of the bearing such as the minimum oil-film thickness and the journal centre cyclic path under dynamic load conditions. The theoretical results are compared with those of an aligned bearing. The Ruston–Hornsby 6 Veb-X Mk III engine big-end bearing is selected as an example to validate the computer program incorporating the present analysis. It is shown that the misalignment has significant effects on the minimum film thickness and the journal centre trajectories even for the low values of misalignment parameters. It is also found that the presence of circumferential feed grooves can cause metal-to-metal contact in such bearings.     

Dual bands of negative refractive indexes in the planar left-handed metamaterials

A kind of planar left-handed metamaterial (LHM) with unique configurations is demonstrated, which offers an approach in building dual-band negative-index materials. Simulated and experimental results predict two left-handed transmission bands near 11.1 and 14.6 GHz. Dual bands of negative refractive indexes are verified using the retrieval procedure. Field and current distribution at the dual magnetic resonance are also examined. The effective electromagnetic parameters show that by carefully adjusting dimensions of the unit cell, electric and magnetic resonances can be coexistent at some frequency ranges with both negative permittivity and negative permeability. The idea can help us designing planar negative-index materials with multibands.     

定优胶溶液狭缝喷射减阻实验研究

定优胶具有比柔性聚合物更优越的抗剪切效果, 是一种新型高分子聚合物减阻添加剂, 目前对其研究仍相对缺乏. 这里通过开展定优胶流变和管内狭缝喷射减阻实验, 分析了流变特性与减阻行为之间的联系, 并从其喷射扩散角度解释了其减阻规律变化的原因. 实验结果表明, 定优胶溶液为剪切变稀流体, 会发生黏性到弹性转变, 且转变点与温度无关, 仅随浓度增加而前移; 定优胶减阻率随水流速度(雷诺数)呈先增后降趋势, 但随喷射速率单调递增; 相较于喷射纯水, 定优胶溶液在流场中扩散缓慢, 且喷射速率越高, 壁面附近集聚越明显. 同时, 定优胶溶液喷射减阻的变化与其扩散规律相吻合: 当流速较小时, 定优胶溶液扩散不充分, 呈非均匀聚集态, 未能充分发挥其湍流抑制效果, 减阻较弱; 随流速增加, 水流的剪切拖拽作用增强了定优胶的扩散均匀程度, 进而提升湍流抑制效果, 减阻率上升; 但当流速过大时, 定优胶的快速扩散造成其浓度被大幅稀释, 且近壁区过大剪切率可能已造成部分长链分子断裂, 致使减阻效果下降.      

不同条件下海面Kelvin尾迹的红外仿真

针对舰船在海上航行时形成的尾迹包含多类信息,利用Kelvin尾迹模型得到舰船速度为5 m/s、10 m/s和15 m/s的尾迹最大波高分别为0.5 m、1.5 m和2.5 m。通过海浪Pierson Moscowitz谱模型描述海面风速分别为5 m/s、8 m/s和10 m/s下的复杂海面背景模型。基于海面背景和尾迹区域的几何差异,建立了Kelvin尾迹的红外发射模型,得到不同海面风速、不同舰船航速和不同探测天顶角下的红外特征仿真图像。仿真结果表明,红外图像的灰度极大值位于尾迹波峰处,海面风速由5 m/s增加到10 m/s时,尾迹区域与海面背景平均灰度差值由100逐渐减小,直至无差异。相同海面风速下,舰船速度由5 m/s增加到15 m/s,尾迹波长由10 m增加到40 m,红外特征明显。改变探测器天顶角分别为0和30时,红外图像差异较小,当天顶角增大到60时,尾迹区域灰度值接近海面背景,差值小于30,尾迹的辨识难度增加。     

应用于热声系统的声学倒相变压器

给出了一种声学调相变压结构,并理论上讨论了该结构的调相变压机理。结果表明:在一定的几何条件下,该结构能够实现不受负载影响的声压放大功能,并输出声压倒相;将该结构应用于热声热机驱动热声制冷机或脉冲管制冷机的耦合,可以取得更好的效果。     

T型三通水管路噪声特性数值研究

水管路系统工作运行中会产生较大的管路振动和流噪声.作为偶极子声源,充液管路内湍流激发的脉动压力会形成流噪声,且激励管壁产生流激振动噪声.为了揭示水管道系统的流激振动噪声与流噪声特性的区别,基于有限元方法对不同厚度的充液管路声学模态、结构模态以及耦合模态进行计算;基于计算流体力学联合声学边界元的混合计算方法探讨变流速下流...     

Response and damping of a rectangular cantilever plate with vibrating beam dampers

In this work the use of beams as auxiliary mass dampers for cantilever plates is considered. Because the cantilever plate problem, which is of strong industrial interest, does not lend itself to a Lévy-type solution, the procedure developed by Ritz is used. Structural damping is incorporated into the main and auxiliary systems by treating them as having a complex elastic modulus. With appropriate selection of the parameters, the fundamental resonance of the plate is split into two new ones with considerably suppressed responses. In order to verify the analysis, an experimental investigation was carried out and the results obtained were compared with the theory developed.