Non-contact measurement of the electric field shielding performance and the resistivity of layer materials

An approach is described to measure the electric field shielding performance of materials as a function of frequency. This provides a broader appreciation of the performance of materials than is available from standard energy transfer type measurements. Materials that include metallic conducting components show little variation of shielding performance with frequency, whereas the performance of resistive materials falls away with increasing frequency. It is shown that the variation of attenuation with frequency relates to the resistivity on or within the material. This has particular practical relevance to the risk of occurrence of damaging or incendive electrostatic discharges from charged material surfaces.     

各向异性接合材料界面端部场数值分析

为了求解各向异性接合材料界面端部奇异性应力场,建立了一种新型杂交元模型.该模型的独特之处在于:基于有限元特征法得到的奇异性场数值特征解建立了一种新型界面端奇异单元.通过算例证明,新型杂交元模型能够利用较少的单元数获得较为精确的数值结果.当前模型应用范围广泛,能够用于复杂结构的界面端部场求解.     

A new HF-resistant tandem spray chamber for improved determination of trace elements and Pb isotopes using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

The use of a new HF-resistant tandem spray chamber arrangement consisting of a cyclonic spray chamber and a Scott-type spray chamber made from PFA and PEEK provides a straightforward approach for improving the performance of inductively coupled-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The characteristics of the tandem spray chamber were critically evaluated against a PEEK cyclonic and a PFA Scott-type spray chamber, respectively. Sensitivity across the entire mass range was increased by about three times compared to the conventional setup utilizing only one spray chamber. Precision of the results, especially at low signal intensities, improved by 160% and 31% compared to the cyclonic and Scott-type spray chamber, respectively. Using the tandem spray chamber, the oxide formation rate was lowered by about 50%. Signals as low as 30 counts could be determined under routine measurement conditions with a RSD of 2.4% thus allowing to precisely quantify small concentration differences at the ng l^− 1 concentration level. The excellent precision (0.02–0.07%) of ²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁷Pb and ²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁸Pb ratios determined in pore water samples was rather limited by the instrumental capabilities of the single collector ICP-MS instrument than by the performance of the tandem spray chamber.     

Towards the synthesis of insulated oligoynes: A ring-closing-metathesis approach to molecular encapsulation

Masked hexayne 18 was prepared in 11 steps from commercially available reagents. The four butenyl substituents contained within the two arylsilane residues in 18 have been used in a double ring-closing-metathesis operation in an attempt to encapsulate the π-conjugated framework. When 18 was treated with Grubbs’ 1st generation metathesis catalyst however, double ring-closing metathesis provided macrocycle 19 as the major product in good yield. Reasons why the macrocycle in 19 crowns, rather than encapsulates, the π-conjugated framework are discussed.     

Selective Hofmann alkylation of aromatic-aliphatic diamines in the presence of carbon dioxide

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Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程晶粒长大行为的研究

定量描述了Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程晶粒长大行为，分析了烧结温度、烧结时间、合金粉末粒度及其分布对烧结过程晶粒长大的影响，讨论了烧结过程晶粒长大机制。在Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程开始之后的0—1h时间区段，晶粒长大迅速；随着烧结时间的延长，晶粒长大速度减小。合金粉末平均粒度增大，或者合金粉末粒度分布范围增宽，显著促进Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程中晶粒的长大。在Nd-Fe-B磁体的烧结过程中，存在两类晶粒长大机制，即Nd2Fe14B颗粒的溶解与析出、Nd2Fe14B颗粒的并合与长大。Nd2Fe14B颗粒的并合与长大不仅使磁体的平均晶粒尺寸增大，也使晶粒尺寸分布范围增宽，是烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体显微组织中出现异常大晶粒的根本原因。     

Inhibition of the toxic byproduct during photocatalytic NO oxidation via La doping in ZnO

It is of a great challenge to develop semiconductor photocatalysts with potential possibilities to simultaneously enhance photocatalytic efficiency and inhibit generation of toxic intermediates.In this study,we developed a facile method to induce the La doping and cationic vacancie(V(Zn))on ZnO for the highly efficient complete NO oxidation.The photocatalytic NO removal efficiency increases from 36.2%to 53,6%.Most importantly,a significant suppressed NO2 production also has been realized.According to the DFT calculations,ESR spectra and in situ FTIR spectra,the introduction of La^3+induce the redistribution of charge carriers in La-ZnO,which promote the production of·O2^- and lead to the formation of V(Zn)for the formation of·OH,contributing to the complete oxidation of NO to nitrate.Besides,the conversion pathway of photocatalytic NO oxidation has been elaborated,This work paves a new way to simultaneously realize the photocatalytic pollutants removal and the inhibition of toxic intermediates generation for efficient and safe air purification.     

SciFinder-guided rational design of fluorescent carbon dots for ratiometric monitoring intracellular pH fluctuations under heat shock

Intracellular pH plays a significant role in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, enzyme activity and homeostasis. In this work, a novel design strategy for the preparation of pH responsive carbon dots (CDs-pH) for ratiometric intracellular imaging was reported. By using SciFinder database, fluorescent CDs-pH with the required pK_a value of 6.84 were rationally designed, which is vital important for precise sensing of intracellular pH. As a result, the synthesized CDs-pH demonstrated robust ability to test pH fluctuations within the physiological range of 5.4-7.4. The CDs-pH was further utilized for fluorescent ratiometric imaging of pH in living HeLa cells, effectively avoided the influence of autofluorescence from native cellular species. Moreover, real-time monitoring of intracellular pH fluctuation under heat shock was successfully realized. This SciFinder-guided design strategy is simple and flexible, which has a great potential to be used for the development of other types of CDs for various applications.     

The aldol–annulation–fragmentation strategy toward the taxoid diterpene framework revisited. Instructive failures in the chemistry of medium ring containing systems

Central intermediate 5 for the taxoid diterpene framework, prepared by the aldol–annulation sequence, permitted the construction of A-secotaxane frameworks incorporating differentiatable olefin and oxygen functionalities suitable for further elaboration. The key BC-subunits 9 and 8 have proven amenable to efficient conversion into both oxa-bridged 7 and its central eight-membered B-ring analogue 6, providing two potential precursors for taxoid construction. Although their further elaboration into 4 was not progressed at this stage, 6 and 7 are potentially useful synthetic intermediates. Extensive structural studies that included 800 MHz ¹H (200 MHz ¹³C) NMR as well as X-ray crystallographic analyses of 7, 17, and 20 have contributed to the unambiguous elucidation of all the complex structures synthesized.     

Novel approach to bismuth modifying procedure for voltammetric thick film carbon containing electrodes

The novel bismuth modifying technique for disposable thick film carbon containing sensors (TFCC) by means of a surface synthesis of the modifier (bismuth phosphate) have been developed. The optimal composition and the method of cathodic reduction (“activation”) of the modifying BiPO₄ layer has been proposed. These conditions provided the structure of a modifying layer with the bismuth nano particles of size less than 0.1 μm. On the important analytical parameters (sensitivity, accuracy, tolerance to surfactant fouling effect, particularly for Zn), sensor developed (TFCC/BiPO₄) surpasses TFCC with electrolytic bismuth films. The detection limit of 8 nM for zinc, 4 nM for cadmium and 2 nM for lead was achieved after a 2 min accumulation. Therefore, the developed non-toxic and low cost disposable sensor excludes the necessity of mechanical pretreatment of a working surface and can be used in field, laboratory and automatic systems for environmental monitoring (at the trace level inclusive).