阐明中药科学内涵 推进中药现代化与创新药物研究进程

众所周知,中药对中华民族的繁衍昌盛发挥了不可磨灭的功绩。但是,作为经验医学,中药具有与生俱来的不足,诸如：缺乏采用循证医学原则提供的现代临床试验数据和结果;作用机理和作用物质尚不清楚;缺乏严格、科学的质量监控标准和方法。因此,难以保证达到作为药物所必须具备的“安全、有效、稳定、可控”的质量要求。这个问题如果不能妥善解决,不仅难于保证国人对疾病防治的需求,更难走向国际医药主流社会。通过多年的思考与实践,为揭示中药的科学内涵,推动中药现代化和创新药物研究,我们提出了一些新的研究思路和方法。     

α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯的合成

苯乙酮酸与环戊二烯基溴化镁发生格氏反应,再经Pd/C催化氢化、甲酯化反应合成了α-环戊基扁桃酸甲酯,总收率23.4%,其结果经1H NMR表征.     

Schmidt反应及其在全合成中的应用

主要介绍了Schmidt反应的机理,影响Schmidt重排的因素,以及Schmidt反应在天然产物和具有生物活性的复杂含氮化合物合成中的应用。     

Exact stationary wave patterns in three coupled nonlinear Schrödinger/Gross–Pitaevskii equations

The evolution of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with an internal degree of freedom, i.e., spinor BEC, is governed by a system of three coupled mean-field equations. The system admits the application of the inverse scattering transform and Hirota bilinear method under appropriate conditions, which makes it possible to generate exact analytical solutions relevant to physical applications. Here, we produce six families of exact periodic solutions, directly constructed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. Solitary-wave limit forms, obtained from these solutions in the long-wave limit, are presented too.     

Determination of soil amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-mass spectrometry derivatized with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate

Determination of amino acids by mass spectrometry (MS) is an important technique to investigate soil nitrogen transformation and cycling as amino acids being the major nitrogen-containing compounds in soil organic matter. However, researchers have long faced a critical problem in coupling an efficient separation technique to a sensitive MS detection system simultaneously. In this context, we established a new method of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry based on the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatization method for convenient and accurate quantification of amino acids in soil samples. Baseline separation of 17 amino acid AQC-derivatives was achieved on an XTerra^R MS C₁₈ column using ammonium formate as a mobile phase modifier. The concentration of ammonium formate and the pH of the mobile phase were optimized in order to obtain sensitive MS signals. The response curves were linear over the range of 50-800 μmol L⁻¹ amino acids. The detection limits were 0.20-0.60 pmol μL⁻¹ on column and 0.07-0.24 μg g⁻¹ soil under the optimized conditions. The method has been applied successfully for the first time to determine amino acids in 4 types of soil samples, in which 15 amino acids were quantified by MS detector but methionine and cystine were below the detection limits. Both the recovery and the precision were satisfactory. Hence, this proposed technique shows a potential for the identification of amino acids in soil as well as tracing the transformation of soil amino acids with isotope dilution technique in nitrogen cycling investigation.     

Enantioselective determination of trantinterol in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry after derivatization

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of trantinterol enantiomers in rat plasma. Diphenhydramine was employed as the internal standard. The plasma samples were prepared using liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane-dichloromethane-isopropanol (20:10:1, v/v/v) as the extractant. Trantinterol enantiomers after pre-column derivatization using diacetyl-l-tartaric anhydride (DATAAN) were separated on a C18 column using a gradient solvent programme. The mobile phase was composed of 3 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. The detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI). Linear calibration curve for each enantiomer was obtained in the concentration range of 1-80 ng/mL, with limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 ng/mL. The intra- and inter- precision (R.S.D.) values were below 9.6% and accuracy (R.E.) was from −2.4 to 6.2% at all quality control (QC) levels. The developed method was applied to the enantioselective pharmacokinetic study of trantinterol in rats.     

Facile iodine(III)-induced oxidative cycloaddition of N-sulfonyl imines with methylene compounds under neutral conditions

An efficient oxidative cycloaddition of N-sulfonyl imines with methylene compounds using PhIO with a catalytic amount of KI under neutral conditions, which affords 2,2-difunctionalized aziridines in good to excellent yields, is reported.     

Development of an LC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Cinnamic Acid and Paeonol in Rat Plasma, and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study after Intragastric Administration of Guizhi–Fuling Capsule

A specific and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of cinnamic acid (CA) and paeonol (PN) in rat plasma has been developed and validated. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol, and the supernatant was injected for reversed-phase separation on a C₁₈ column with acetonitrile–0.1% phosphoric acid 24:76 (v/v) as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL min^?1. Phenylbutyric acid was used as the internal standard. Good linear relationships were obtained between response and concentration in the range 0.130–52.0 μg mL^?1 (r = 0.9980) and 0.1785–71.4 μg mL^?1 (r = 0.9950) for CA and PN, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day assay precision (RSD, n = 6) at three concentrations was not above 15.1% for either CA and PN, and accuracy was from 94.3 to 104.7% and from 103.3 to 113.1% for CA and PN, respectively. Mean recovery of CA and PN from plasma samples was 87.5 and 86.8%, respectively, and recovery of the internal standard at a concentration of 1.00 mg mL^?1 was 88.5%. Results from a stability study suggested CA and PN were stable under the experimental conditions used. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of CA and PN in rats after intragastric administration of Guizhi–Fuling capsule. The results obtained would be very useful for evaluation of the clinical efficacy of GFC.     

Chiral Separation of Tenatoprazole and Several Related Benzimidazoles by Normal Phase LC Using Amylose-Based Stationary Phase

Simple and efficient analytical LC methods using amylose-based stationary phase Chiralpak AS-H were developed for direct enantioseparation of tenatoprazole and several related benzimidazoles. The chromatographic experiments were performed in the normal phase mode with n-hexane–ethanol–triethylamine (TEA) as mobile phase. The effects of the mobile phase additive, concentration of organic modifiers and column temperature were studied for the enantioseparation. The thermodynamic parameters were also calculated from the van’t Hoff plots. It was found that the enantioseparations were all enthalpy driven. The enantiomers of all compounds were resolved (R _s  > 3.3) within 14 min using n-hexane–ethanol–TEA (20:80:0.1%, v/v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.4 mL min^?1 at 40 °C. The optimized method was validated for determination of the enantiomers of tenatoprazole in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy according to ICH guidelines and applied to the assay of tenantoprazole bulk drugs. The proposed method was shown to be accurate and suitable for the quantitative determination of tenatoprazole enantiomers.     

Automatic estimation of varying continuum background emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

In laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), plasma emission is extremely unstable because of many factors, such as the fluctuation of laser energy, inhomogeneity of sample surfaces, and variable distance between lens and samples. Therefore, the detection and correction of varying continuum background emission are not easily accomplished. The aim of this work is to present a method that can automatically estimate and correct varying continuum background emission, which is representative in laser-induced plasma. In this method, we first find all minima on a spectrum, and then deduct the unreasonable minima by a proper threshold. Finally, we use one or multiple polynomial functions through the minima left to approximate the continuum backgrounds. The validity of this method was evaluated by using several spectra with different complexities and wavelength ranges. We also applied this method to optimize the measurement time delays of detectors. In addition, for five aluminum alloy samples, we compared their elemental calibration cures between original spectra and background-corrected spectra. Experimental results proved that the method proposed in this paper can well estimate varying continuum backgrounds over a wide range of wavelengths.