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831.
本文采用固相法在500℃合成了Er3+/Eu3+共掺BiOCl 荧光粉, 并通过XRD, SEM, 吸收, 激发和发射光谱研究了其结构、形貌和发光特性. XRD 和SEM结果表明在500℃下即可成功合成纯四方相片层结构的Er3+/Eu3+共掺BiOCl荧光粉. 吸收光谱表明掺杂Er3+/Eu3+离子使BiOCl形成杂质能级; 激发光谱显示该荧光粉具有来自于基质BiOCl价带(VB)到导带(CB)跃迁的优异宽带近紫外激发特性. 在380 nm近紫外光激发下, 同时获得了Er3+离子和Eu3+离子的特征发射峰, 其中发光中心位于410 nm (2H9/2→4I15/2), 525 nm (2H11/2→4I15/2), 554 nm (4S3/2→4I15/2), 673 nm (4F9/2→4I15/2)的发射峰来自于Er3+离子的跃迁, 而581 nm(5D0→7F0), 594 nm (5D0→7F1), 622 nm (5D0→7F2), 653 nm (5D0→7F3), 699 nm (5D0→7F4)的发射峰则来自于Eu3+离子的跃迁. 值得注意的是, 与传统Er3+/Eu3+掺杂的材料不同, 该荧光粉还具有独特高效的紫光(Er3+)和长波红光(Eu3+)发射特性, 分析表明这与BiOCl的结构有关; 并且通过改变掺杂浓度, 实现了发光颜色由黄绿光→黄光→橙红光的调节. 研究结果表明Er3+/Eu3+共掺BiOCl荧光粉有望成为一种潜在的近紫外激发白光LED荧光粉. 相似文献
832.
The structural properties, phase stabilities, anisotropic elastic properties and electronic structures of Cu–Ti intermetallics have been systematically investigated using first principles based on the density functional theory. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters agree well with available experimental data. The ground-state convex hull of formation enthalpies as a function of Cu content is slightly symmetrical at CuTi with a minimal formation enthalpy (–13.861 kJ/mol of atoms), which indicates that CuTi is the most stable phase. The mechanical properties, including elastic constants, polycrystalline moduli and anisotropic indexes, were evaluated. G/B is more pertinent to hardness than to the shear modulus G due to the high power indexes of 1.137 for G/B. The mechanical anisotropy was also characterized by describing the three-dimensional (3D) surface constructions. The order of elastic anisotropy is Cu4Ti3 > Cu3Ti2 > α-Cu4Ti > Cu2Ti > CuTi > β-Cu4Ti > CuTi2. Finally, the electronic structures were discussed and Cu2Ti is a semiconductor. 相似文献
833.
近/超临界水条件下生物质气化的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
回顾了近/超临界水条件下生物质气化的研究进展。由于超临界水的特殊性能,同其他热化学气化相比,湿生物质不必干燥就可以直接与超临界水作用,生成的气体产物主要是H2、CO2、CO、CH4以及少量的C2H4和C2H6。讨论了温度、压力、停留时间、生物质浓度等影响因素对超临界水生物质气化的影响。高温、低生物质浓度有利于气化反应进行;与温度相比,压力对反应的影响要小得多。产气量随着停留时间或反应时间的增加而增加,到一定值后保持不变。催化剂和盐类的加入有利于气化,而酚类、蛋白质、氨基酸、硫对反应有抑制作用。文中,针对近临界和超临界水的特点,提出先对生物质进行近临界水气化,再进行超临界水气化,实现生物质高效气化的研究思路。 相似文献
834.
835.
铈铁锆三元复合氧化物上碳烟的催化燃烧 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用水热法制备了纯CeO2、Fe2O3和系列Ce0.5Fe0.5-xZrxO2复合氧化物催化剂,采用XRD、Raman、H2-TPR和BET等方法对其进行了表征,并利用程序升温氧化反应(TPO)技术研究了其碳烟燃烧催化性能。结果表明,Zr4+完全进入CeO2晶格中形成了固溶体,而Fe3+较难进入CeO2晶格中,部分Fe2O3分散在固溶体表面。固溶体形成产生的氧空位和表面高度分散的氧化铁协同作用是铈铁锆三元复合氧化物具有较高碳烟燃烧催化性能的关键。同时,与单纯的铈铁二元复合氧化物相比,Zr4+的掺杂明显提高了催化剂的抗老化能力,使Ce0.5Fe0.5-xZrxO2复合氧化物显示出更好的应用前景。在系列样品中,Ce0.5Fe0.30Zr0.20O2样品由于形成了最多的固溶体并具有良好分散性的表面Fe2O3,显示出最好的催化活性和稳定性。其催化碳烟的起燃温度(ti)和峰顶温度(tp)分别为251℃和310℃,长时间高温老化后其ti和tp仍较低,分别为273℃和361℃。 相似文献
836.
Hydrogen and syngas production from two-step steam reforming of methane using CeO2 as oxygen carrier
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CeO2 oxygen carrier was prepared by precipitation method and tested by two-step steam reforming of methane (SRM). Two-step SRM for hydrogen and syngas generation is investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. Methane is directly converted to syngas at a H2/CO ratio close to 2 : 1 at a high temperature (above 750 °C) by the lattice oxygen of CeO2; methane cracking is found when the reduction degree of CeO2 was above 5.0% at 850 °C in methane isothermal reaction. CeO2?δ obtained from methane isothermal reaction can split water to generate CO-free hydrogen and renew its lattice oxygen at 700 °C; simultaneously, deposited carbon is selectively oxidized to CO2 by steam following the reaction (C+2H2O→CO2+2H2). Slight deactivation in terms of amounts of desired products (syngas and hydrogen) is observed in ten repetitive two-step SRM process due to the carbon deposition on CeO2 surface as well as sintering of CeO2. 相似文献
837.
Dimension-dependent giant density fluctuations are a typical feature of active matter systems. In this work, we study the density fluctuation in two-dimensional mixtures of active and passive particles by Brownian dynamics simulations. The boundary of motility-induced phase separation is determined by the transition from unimodal to bimodal density distribution. A rapid increase of the fluctuation exponent near the boundary of phase separation in the plane of density and Péclet number was observed. When phase separation occurs, the fluctuation exponent is an approximate constant of $0.85.$ 相似文献
838.
《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2004,36(5):431-436
In this paper we present the calorimetric determination of the standard molar enthalpies of combustion, sublimation, and formation of three methoxynitrophenol isomers: 2-methoxy-4-nitrophenol, 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol and 4-methoxy-2-nitrophenol.In addition, density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP functional and two different atomic basis sets: 6-31G* and 6-311G** allowed the estimation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous phase, for all possible methoxynitrophenol isomers.The theoretical estimations are in good agreement with the experimental determined standard molar enthalpies of formation. 相似文献
839.
《International Journal of Plasticity》2003,19(5):599-624
In this work, a model, based on a representation of the dislocation cell microstructures by a non-local two-phase material with evolving microstructures, is proposed for the elastic–plastic behavior of metals under monotonic and sequential loading. The first phase represents the cell interior and the second one, the cell walls. The evolution of the microstructure is taken into account considering the cell-wall interfaces as free boundaries. Finally, the accumulation within walls of dislocations crossing the cells defines a non-local hardening process. Assuming a piecewise uniform plastic strain field and assuming ellipsoidal cells, the free energy of the system is calculated. The driving and critical forces associated with the plastic flow of the two-phases and the morphology of the cells are established. In a third part, numerical results are presented for monotonic and sequential loading. The results show an overall softening related to the destabilization of the dislocation microstructures which occurs in sequential as well as monotonic paths. 相似文献
840.
《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2003,64(6):1021-1025
Transparent glass–ceramics containing zinc–aluminum spinel (ZnAl2O4) nanocrystals doped with tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions were obtained by the sol–gel method for the first time. The gels of composition SiO2–Al2O3–ZnO–CoO were prepared at room temperature and heat-treated at temperature ranging 800–950 °C. When the gel samples were heated up to 900 °C, ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals were precipitated. Co2+ ions were located in tetrahedral sites in ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystallite sizes of ZnAl2O4 crystal become large with the heat-treatment temperature and time, and the crystallite diameter is in the range of 10–15 nm. The dependence of the absorption and emission spectra of the samples on heat-treatment temperature were presented. The difference in the luminescence between Co2+ doped glass–ceramic and Co2+ doped bulk crystal was analysed. The crystal field parameter Dq of 423 cm−1 and the Racah parameters B of 773 cm−1 and C of 3478.5 cm−1 were calculated for tetrahedral Co2+ ions. 相似文献