表面活性单体DMBAC光聚合动力学研究

采用偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AIBA)作为光引发剂,光引发聚合并研究了阳离子表面活性单体——甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DMBAC)的均聚及其与丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚合反应的动力学行为,聚合反应均在高于DMBAC临界胶束浓度(CMC)的条件下进行.研究结果显示DMBAC均聚合反应速率与引发剂浓度的0.29次方以及单体浓度的0.89次方成正比,均聚合反应的表观活化能约为13.74 kJ/mo1;DMBAC与AM共聚合反应速率与引发剂浓度的0.82次方以及单体总浓度的0.83次方成正比,共聚合反应的表观活化能约为10.97 kJ/mo1;同时测得DMBAC与AM共聚合反应的单体竞聚率为r₁=0.27(AM)、r₂=2.00(DMBAC),说明AM趋向于形成共聚物,而DMBAC更趋向于形成均聚物.     

六极杆碰撞反应池-等离子体质谱测定生物样品中痕量铬和钒

采用带六极杆碰撞反应池的电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定了生物样品中痕量铬和钒。在碰撞反应池中引入He/NH3(93∶7)混合气,有效地消除了分子离子(ArC 、NCl 、Cl O 、Cl OH 等)对超痕量铬、钒测定的干扰,降低了方法的检出限。比较了干法灰化和湿法消解两种样品处理方法,两种消解方式获得的结果基本一致。方法的检出限(3σ):钒为0.005 0μg.g-1,铬为0.001 8μg.g-1。相对标准偏差:钒为3.25%~14.08%;铬为4.20%~8.24%。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

Laser stark spectroscopy of the ν2 fundamental band of 15NH3

The ν₂ fundamental band of ¹⁵NH₃ has been observed with a laser Stark spectrometer in Doppler-limited resolution. A set of 38 band constants including the electric dipole moment and its rotational dependence are determined from 416 Stark resonances observed in the present work and three submillimeter lines reported in the literature. The ν₂-band absorption line frequencies in the region 800–1160 cm⁻¹ and their relative absorption intensities are estimated from the band constants.     

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法在地球化学标准物质均匀性检验中的应用研究

均匀性是标准物质三大特性之一.X射线荧光光谱法(XRF),精密度高,可实现多元素同时分析,是地球化学标准物质均匀性检验重要方法之一.目前,应用XRF对标准物质进行均匀性检验还存在争议.由于均匀性检验要求称样量为最小取样量,一般地球化学标准物质的最小取样量为0.1 g,而采用粉末压片-XRF进行均匀性检验时称样量为4 g...     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of silicon evaporated on Ag island films

Enhanced Raman scattering of Si films from 1 to 25 Å thick deposited on Ag island films is presented. It is found that Raman spectra of Si deposits have a spectral shape similar to those of amorphous Si.     

The rotational spectrum of the hydrogen-bonded heterodimer H2O…HF in the frequency range 40–80 GHz

The μ_a R-branch rotational spectra of the ground and first excited states of the three lowest vibrational modes of the H₂O…HF heterodimer have been observed in the frequency range 40–80 GHz. Coriolis perturbations between the ground vibrational state (υ = 0) and the first excited state of the out-of-plane bending vibration (υ_β(0) = 1) show that for a given J the K₋₁ = 2 levels of υ_β(0) = 1 lie approximately 3 cm⁻¹ above the K₋₁ = 3 levels of υ = 0. The vibrational separation between these two states is estimated to be 70±3 cm⁻¹. This value is consistent with those determined by other methods and reinforces the conclusion that ν_β(0) is governed by a double-minimum potential energy function with the quantitative form previously published. A perturbation is also observed in the first excited state of the hydrogen-bond stretching vibration υ_σ = 1. This manifests itself as a large, negative centrifugal distortion constant D_JK = −8.5 MHz compared with 2 MHz in the other vibrational states.     

Advantage of selective production of green rusts for Sb(V) removal in Fe(0) electrocoagulation

The removal efficiency of pollutants in Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC) has been associated closely with the speciation of generated Fe(II)/Fe(III) oxides during this process, which is very complicated and can be affected by various factors. In this work, in-situ Raman, X-ray diffraction and some other techniques have been used to study the speciation of Fe under different conditions and to establish a relationship between Fe speciation and Sb(V) removal efficiency. Results indicated that concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key factor influencing Fe(0) EC. It was found that green rusts (GRs) were formed and were then transformed into magnetite at lower DO concentration, and Sb(V) removal efficiency reached 99.9% after 30 min of EC. In contrast, γ-FeOOH was formed at high DO concentration, and the removal efficiency of Sb(V) after 30 min of EC was only 72.8%. In the presence of sulfite and phosphate with low concentrations, GRs can be stabilized and benefit the removal of Sb(V). We believe this work will provide some new insights on the mechanism of Fe(0) EC and the effective removal of other pollutants during Fe(0) EC process.     

Local structure analysis of Bi2(Ga1-xFex)4O9 mullite-type solid solutions synthesized via combination of ball milling and thermal treatment

Mullite-type Bi₂(Ga_1-xFe_x)₄O₉ solid solutions, with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9, have been synthesized by a combination of mechanical and thermal treatments of a Bi₂O₃/Ga₂O₃/α-Fe₂O₃ stoichiometric mixture. The microstructure of the as-prepared materials on the long-range and local atomic scales was investigated by X-ray diffraction and ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD data analysis revealed in all cases linear dependence of the lattice parameters related on x. Due to the ability of the applied Mössbauer spectroscopy to probe the local environment of Fe cations, the local structural disorder in investigated solid solutions is provided. It was shown that the presence of Fe³⁺ cations in octahedral sites of the orthorhombic structure causes a local distortion of polyhedra in the material. The preferential occupation of Fe in octahedral site was revealed. Detailed quantitative information on both the cation distribution and the bond lengths provided is discussed in relation to the derived hyperfine parameters.