Untersuchung von Trinkwasser, Kesselspeisewasser, Abwasser

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

基于多目标离散粒子群的产品服务系统方案配置规则提取

为有效辅助工程师将顾客需求转化为产品服务系统方案,针对其技术特征,提出一种离散粒子群优化算法(DPSO)与帕累托(Pareto)结合的配置规则提取方法.该方法包括建立产品服务系统配置规则模型及构造Pareto-DPSO算法模型.Pareto-DPSO算法基于Sobol序列的频率初始化方法及离散化粒子更新方式,将连续粒子映射到十进制离散空间;并利用Pareto进行多目标下粒子优劣性评价,以获取非支配的最优规则集.以汽车产品服务系统方案配置设计为例,经与常规多目标粒子群算法及DPSO算法对比,验证了该方法对于解决多维空间内产品服务配置规则挖掘的可行性及有效性.     

Development of an Amperometric Biosensor Platform for the Combined Determination of <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Malic,Fumaric, and <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Aspartic Acid

Three amperometric biosensors have been developed for the detection of l-malic acid, fumaric acid, and l -aspartic acid, all based on the combination of a malate-specific dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and diaphorase (DIA, EC 1.8.1.4). The stepwise expansion of the malate platform with the enzymes fumarate hydratase (FH, EC 4.2.1.2) and aspartate ammonia-lyase (ASPA, EC 4.3.1.1) resulted in multi-enzyme reaction cascades and, thus, augmentation of the substrate spectrum of the sensors. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in presence of the cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and the redox mediator hexacyanoferrate (III) (HCFIII). The amperometric detection is mediated by oxidation of hexacyanoferrate (II) (HCFII) at an applied potential of + 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. For each biosensor, optimum working conditions were defined by adjustment of cofactor concentrations, buffer pH, and immobilization procedure. Under these improved conditions, amperometric responses were linear up to 3.0 mM for l-malate and fumarate, respectively, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.7 μA mM^?1 (l-malate biosensor) and 0.4 μA mM^?1 (fumarate biosensor). The l-aspartate detection system displayed a linear range of 1.0–10.0 mM with a sensitivity of 0.09 μA mM^?1. The sensor characteristics suggest that the developed platform provides a promising method for the detection and differentiation of the three substrates.     

Spectral series of the Schrödinger operator in a thin waveguide with a periodic structure. 2. Closed three-dimensional waveguide in a magnetic field

In the paper, which is the second part of the paper by J. Brüning, S. Dobrokhotov, S. Sekerzh-Zenkovich, T. Tudorovskiy, “Spectral series of the Schrödinger operator in thin waveguides with a periodic structure. 1,” Russ. J. Math. Phys. 13 (4), 401–420 (2006), using the adiabatic approximation, diverse quantum states of the stationary Schrödinger equation for a particle in a thin waveguide in a magnetic field are constructed. The problems of “destruction” of the adiabatic approximation as the value of energy increases and of replacing this approximation by the approximation of V. P. Maslov’s theory of complex germ (the complex WKB method) are studied.     

快前沿直线脉冲变压器单级模块开关触发时延分散性实验研究

针对12支路并联的快前沿直线脉冲变压器单级模块,给出了模块的电路结构和关键器件参数,实验获得了12只多间隙气体开关的自击穿特性和触发特性。同时,还给出了快前沿直线脉冲变压器模块输出电流的初步实验结果,工作电压150 kV时,次级短路放电电流幅值为235 kA,电流前沿88.2 ns（10%~90%）。次级带0.58 负载情况下,输出电流幅值114.5 kA,电流前沿88.9 ns（10%~90%）。利用微分环测量了12只开关的触发时延分散性,结果表明100次实验开关触发时延分散性近似符合正态分布,开关触发时延分散性对输出电流的影响不大,电流幅值和前沿的标准偏差分别小于2.0%,4.0%,电流波形的畸变主要以平顶为主。     

消除时序电路中的竞争干扰

通过分析次序脉冲发生器，着重指出在时序电路中存在过渡竞争干扰，从而给出一些消除这种干扰的措施。     

矿区煤炭开发的灰色规划探讨

根据福建省矿区煤炭开发的现状和基本条件，应用灰色系统理论和运筹学，建立煤炭开发的灰色预测线性规划数学模型，探讨矿区煤炭开发未来系统的动态规划和优化控制问题。并用VB6.0语言编制了相应的软件。     

Novel silver‐tubing method for quantitative introduction of water into high‐temperature conversion systems for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic measurements

A new method to seal water in silver tubes for use in a TC/EA (thermal conversion/elemental analyzer) reduction unit using a semi‐automated sealing apparatus can yield reproducibilities (1 standard deviation) of δ²H and δ¹⁸O measurements of 1.0‰ and 0.06‰, respectively. These silver tubes containing reference waters may be preferred for the calibration of H‐ and O‐bearing materials analyzed with a TC/EA reduction unit. The new sealing apparatus employs a computer‐controlled stepping motor to produce silver tubes identical in length. The reproducibility of the mass of water sealed in tubes (in a range of 200–400 µg) can be as good as 1%. Approximately 99% of the sealed silver tubes are satisfactory (leak free). Although silver tubes sealed with reference waters are robust and can be shaken or heated to 110°C with no loss of integrity, they should not be frozen because the expansion during the phase transition of water to ice will break the cold seals and all the water will be lost. The tubes should be shipped in insulated containers. This new method eliminates air inclusions and isotopic fractionation of water associated with the loading of water into capsules using a syringe. The method is also more than an order of magnitude faster than preparing water samples in ordinary Ag capsules. Nevertheless, some laboratories may prefer loading water into silver capsules because expensive equipment is not needed, but users of this method are cautioned to apply the necessary corrections for evaporation, back exchange with laboratory atmospheric moisture, and blanks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.