Discovery of Novel Non-Oxime Reactivators Showing In Vivo Antidotal Efficiency for Sarin Poisoned Mice

A family of novel efficient non-oxime compounds exhibited promising reactivation efficacy for VX and sarin inhibited human acetylcholinesterase was discovered. It was found that aromatic groups coupled to Mannich phenols and the introduction of imidazole to the ortho position of phenols would dramatically enhance reactivation efficiency. Moreover, the in vivo experiment was conducted, and the results demonstrated that Mannich phenol L10R1 (30 mg/kg, ip) could afford 100% 48 h survival for mice of 2*LD₅₀ sarin exposure, which is promising for the development of non-oxime reactivators with central efficiency.     

Friction-induced vibration considering multiple types of nonlinearities

Nonlinear Dynamics - The friction-induced vibration of a novel 5-DoF (degree-of-freedom) mass-on-oscillating-belt model considering multiple types of nonlinearities is studied. The first type of...     

Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

One of the most effective ways to cope with the problems of global warming and the energy shortage crisis is to develop renewable and clean energy sources. To achieve a carbon-neutral energy cycle, advanced carbon sequestration technologies are urgently needed, but because CO₂ is a thermodynamically stable molecule with the highest carbon valence state of +4, this process faces many challenges. In recent years, electrochemical CO₂ reduction has become a promising approach to fix and convert CO₂ into high-value-added fuels and chemical feedstock. However, the large-scale commercial use of electrochemical CO₂ reduction systems is hindered by poor electrocatalyst activity, large overpotential, low energy conversion efficiency, and product selectivity in reducing CO₂. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rationally design highly efficient, stable, and scalable electrocatalysts to alleviate these problems. This minireview also aims to classify heterogeneous nanostructured electrocatalysts for the CO₂ reduction reaction (CDRR).     

Spin gapless armchair graphene nanoribbons under magnetic field and uniaxial strain

Using Green＇s function method, we investigate the spin transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons （AG- NRs） under magnetic field and uniaxial strain. Our results show that it is very difficult to transform narrow AGNRs directly from semiconductor to spin gapless semiconductors （SGS） by applying magnetic fields. However, as a uniaxial strain is exerted on the nanoribbons, the AGNRs can transform to SGS by a small magnetic field. The combination mode be- tween magnetic field and uniaxial strain displays a nonmonotonic arch-pattern relationship. In addition, we find that the combination mode is associated with the widths of nanoribbons, which exhibits group behaviors.     

Double-slit diffraction of terahertz wave generated by tilted-pulse-front pumping

We propose a spatial diffraction diagnostic method via inserting a millimeter-gap double slit into the collimated terahertz beam to monitor the minute variation of the terahertz beam in strong-field terahertz sources, which is difficult to be resolved in conventional terahertz imaging systems. To verify the method, we intentionally fabricate tiny variations of the terahertz beam through tuning the iris for the infrared pumping beam before the tilted-pulse-front pumping setups.The phenomena can be well explained by the theory based on the tilted-pulse-front technique and terahertz diffraction.     

疾病传播与级联失效相互作用的研究:度不相关网络中疾病扩散条件的分析

在网络科学中,对疾病传播和级联失效的研究分属两个独立的领域,但在实际中存在许多两个过程相互耦合的情况. 比如在通信网络中,病毒传播会对数据传输造成影响,导致网络中负载变化,进而可能引发级联失效. 这个现象已被观察到. 通过建立两个动态过程相互作用的模型及针对该模型的分析,本文给出了计入节点的负载和容量时疾病爆发的条件. 这一条件是由描述疾病传播速率的传播概率与描述节点容量大小的冗余系数共同决定的. 进一步探讨表明,当疾病传播速率一定而冗余系数变化时,疾病恰好开始传播的临界点附近未感染且未失效的节点的数量是最大的,即在此点上网络处于最佳工作状态. 因此给出疾病爆发的临界条件具有重要意义. 关键词： 复杂网络 疾病传播 级联失效     

Theoretical investigation on the threshold value of stimulated Brillouin scattering in terms of laser intensity

The threshold value of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) was investigated theoretically basing on a new concept of real gain length (RGL). It shows that for ideal steady-state SBS or ideal transient SBS, the threshold values are both constants and the later is five orders of magnitude larger than the former. Under general conditions, whether steady-state SBS or transient SBS will occur is determined by RGL. The SBS occurred in a long material may not be steady-state SBS.     

Effective biosorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution using calcium alginate hydrogel beads grafted with amino-carbamate moieties

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The kinetics of Co ions sorption on CoTreat® was investigated in the 5–40 mg/L concentration range at a bulk temperature of...     

Characterization and biological evaluation of paclitaxel-loaded poly(L-lactic acid) microparticles prepared by supercritical CO2

In this study, paclitaxel loaded poly( L-lactic acid) (PTX-PLLA) microparticles were prepared using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO2(SEDS) technique. This supercritical antisolvent technique offers the advantage of negligible organic solvent residua in the drug loaded microparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that microparticles exhibited rather spherical shape and small particle size with narrow particle size distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) indicated that PTX was amorphously dispersed in the PLLA matrix. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PTX-PLLA microparticles were 14.33% and 62.68%, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of PTX-PLLA microparticles against nonsmall-cell lung cancer A549 and ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell lines indicated that PTX-PLLA had superior antiproliferation activity against the A549 and SKOV3 cell lines, compared with free PTX formulations. The cellular internalization of fluorescent microparticles was evidenced by fluorescence microscope and further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This was attributed to the efficient intracellular accumulation of PTX via cell phagocytosis and sustained release of PTX from PLLA matrix. The anticancer activity of PTX-PLLA was associated with PTX-induced cell apoptosis such as nuclear aberrations, condensation of chromatin and swelling damage in mitochondria. The cell apoptosis index detected by flow cytometry was higher in PTX-PLLA group than in free PTX. The PTX-PLLA formulation, which was obtained through micronization of PTX and encapsulation of micronized PTX into PLLA simultaneously in the SEDS process, significantly potentiated the anticancer activity of PTX.