Copper(II)-catalyzed preparation of alkylindium compounds and applications in cross-coupling reactions both in aqueous media

An efficient water-based method for the synthesis of alkylindium compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of cheap and readily available CuSO₄·5H₂O (10 mol%) was developed. The thus-generated alkylindium compounds effectively underwent palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with a myriad of aryl halides in aqueous media, leading to the cross-coupled products in modest to high yields. The mildness of the formed alkyl organometallics allowed the tolerance to various important functional groups incorporated in both substrates of alkyl iodides and aryl halides.     

有机金属卤化物钙钛矿薄膜中的光诱导载流子动力学和动态带重整效应

近年来有机-无机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池因具有光电能量转换效率高、制备工艺简单等优点,引起了学术界和产业界的广泛关注,其优异的光电特性逐渐在能源领域展现出独特的优越特性.在短短几年内,有机-无机混合物钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率已经高达23%,发展速度逐步赶上甚至超越了成熟的硅太阳能电池.本文利用飞秒瞬态吸收光谱,对二步法制备的(5-AVA)_(0.05)(MA)_(0.95)PbI_3和(5-AVA)_(0.05)(MA)_(0.95)PbI_3/Spiro-OMeTAD有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿薄膜材料的激发态动力学进行了对比研究,详细讨论了两种薄膜样品中的电荷载流子产生与复合机制.通过紫外-可见吸收光谱测得钙钛矿薄膜(5-AVA)_(0.05)(MA)_(0.95)PbI_3和(5-AVA)_(0.05)(MA)_(0.95)PbI_3/Spiro-OMeTAD的吸收光谱与CH_3NH_3PbI_3钙钛矿薄膜材料的双价带结构相对应.从瞬态吸收光谱中,观察到760 nm附近的光致漂白信号,此时的载流子复合过程符合二阶动力学过程,而在约550—700 nm光谱范围内则是光诱导激发态吸收信号.实验结果表明,(5-AVA)_(0.05)(MA)_(0.95)PbI_3钙钛矿薄膜样品中光生载流子主要的弛豫途径是自由电子和空穴的复合.抽运光激发样品使价带中的电子跃迁到导带,随着延迟时间的增加,电子和空穴复合,光谱发生红移现象.所观察到的带重整效应可以根据Moss-Burstein效应解释.相比较而言,(5-AVA)_(0.05)(MA)_(0.95)PbI_3/Spiro-OMeTAD钙钛矿薄膜样品在光激发后电子和空穴分离,空穴迅速转移到空穴传输层,这将导致样品吸收度增加,漂白信号快速恢复,电子-空穴的复合不再对漂白信号的弛豫动力学起主导作用,同时也削弱了带重整现象.本文的实验结果对半导体有机-无机金属卤化物钙钛矿薄膜在光伏领域的应用具有重要意义,为今后高效、稳定的钙钛矿太阳电池的研究提供了参考.     

痕量甲胎蛋白的免疫纳米金催化-氧化亚铜微粒共振散射光谱分析

用粒径15 nm 的纳米金标记单克隆羊抗人甲胎蛋白(GAFP), 制备了甲胎蛋白(AFP)的免疫纳米金探针(AuGAFP). 纳米金及AuGAFP均对葡萄糖还原铜(Ⅱ)生成Cu₂O微粒这一慢反应具有较强的催化作用, Cu₂O微粒在620 nm处产生1个较强的共振散射峰. 将AFP-AuGAFP免疫反应与离心分离技术结合, 建立了超痕量AFP的免疫纳米金催化-Cu₂O微粒共振散射光谱新方法. 随着AFP浓度的增大, AFP-AuGAFP免疫复合物微粒增多, 离心液中AuGAFP浓度降低, 620 nm处的共振散射光强度I_{620 nm}线性降低, 其降低值ΔI_RS与AFP质量浓度ρ(AFP)在0.10～16.0 ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系, 其回归方程为ΔI_RS=4.27ρ(AFP)+1.28, 检出限为0.05 ng/mL. 本方法所用试剂易得, 反应易控制, 灵敏度高, 选择性好, 用于定量分析人血清中的AFP, 结果令人满意.     

蛋白质阳离子表面活性剂缔合微粒体系的光谱特性及分析应用

蛋白质阳离子表面活性剂缔合微粒体系的光谱特性及分析应用;阳离子表面活性剂;HAS;缔合微粒;共振散射光谱     

线性神经网络应用于维生素B族4组分同时测定

报道了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的线性神经网络用于B族维生素混合组分的定量同时测定,用相关系数和标准偏差从原始紫外光谱数据中挑选11个波长点供线性神经网络处理,以极少的迭代次数达到较高的精度,预测结果较好,相关系数大于0.99983,标准偏差0.11301.     

不同类型的CO32-替换羟基磷灰石固溶体晶体化学FT-IR研究

利用FT-IR结合XRD对不同类型的CO₃^2-替换磷灰石固溶体进行了晶体化学研究,结果表明:B型替换碳羟磷灰石(CHAP)的替换方式是[CO₃·OH]四面体替换[PO₄]四面体;A型替换CHAP的替换方式是[CO₃]三角形配位体替换通道位置的OH^-;AB混合型替换CHAP的FT-IR谱中非对称伸缩振动ν₃分裂为ν_3-1、ν_3F、ν_3-4,高斯函数法拟合表明ν_3F峰是A型替换的ν_3-2与B型替换的ν_3-3的叠合。当W_CO3^2-≦3.34%时,随CO₃^2-含量增加,A型替换量增大,替换指数(SI)增大,且当W_CO3^2-=3.34%时,SI达最大值,当3.34%CO₃^2-≦7.52%时,随CO₃^2-含量增加,SI减小,B型替换量增大,且当W_CO3^2-=7.52%时总固溶量饱和。     

乙二胺四乙酸配位螯合法制备钴铝尖晶石蓝色颜料

提出一种可以在较低温度下焙烧制备出钴铝尖晶石蓝色颜料的方法.以六水合硝酸钴、九水合硝酸铝为主要原料,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为配位螯合剂,通过EDTA配位螯合钴、铝得到有机配合物前驱体,经过焙烧制备钴蓝颜料.通过国际照明委员会的色度图谱(CIE)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),分别对所制备样品的物相和呈色进行研究表征.主要考察了钴铝物质的量比、反应体系pH值、焙烧温度等工艺条件对铝酸钴尖晶石相的完整性和颜料呈色的影响.制备钴铝尖晶石蓝色颜料的最佳工艺参数是900 ℃温度下保温时间为2 h,pH值为9~10,前驱体的钴铝比为 1∶2.5.     

金属胶体吸附的表面增强拉曼散射研究进展

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种非常有效的表征金属表面单分子层吸附状态的工具，本文介绍了表面增强拉曼散射研究金属胶体吸附的实验方法、研究进展、应用范围及前景。     

Microwave promoted C6-alkylation of purines through S(N)Ar-based reaction of 6-chloropurines with 3-alkyl-acetylacetone

C6-Alkylated purine analogues were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields by S(N)Ar reaction of 6-chloropurine derivatives with 3-alkyl-acetylacetone. 3-Alkyl-acetylacetones were employed as alkylating agents and C6-alkylated purines were obtained highly selectively within short reaction time under microwave irradiation conditions. This work is complementary to the classical coupling reactions for the synthesis of C6-alkylated purine analogues.     

Fast high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy through indirect zero-quantum coherence detection in inhomogeneous fields

In many cases, high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectra are virtually impossible to obtain by con- ventional nuclear magnetic resonance methods because of inhomogeneity of magnetic field and inherent heterogeneity of sample. Although conventional intramolecular zero-quantum coherence （ZQC） can be used to obtain high-resolution spectrum in inhomogeneous field, the acquisition takes rather long time. In this paper, a spatially encoded intramolecular ZQC technique is proposed to fast acquire high-resolution NMR spectrum in inhomogeneous field. For the first time, the gradient-driven decoding technique is employed to selectively acquire intramolecular ZQC signals. Theoretical analyses and experimental observations demonstrate that high-resolution NMR spectral information can be retrieved within several scans even when the field inhomogeneity is severe enough to erase most spectral information. This work provides a new way to enhance the acquisition efficiency of high-resolution intramolecular ZQC spectroscopy in inhomogeneous fields.