中空TiO_2微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯微球作为模板,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,氨水为催化剂,制备了中空TiO_2微球.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及比表面测定仪对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并考察了模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量对中空TiO_2微球形貌的影响.通过物理共混法将其引入至聚丙烯酸酯乳液中并成膜,研究了复合薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能及力学性能.结果表明,锐钛矿相中空TiO_2微球模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量影响中空TiO_2微球的空心尺寸、壁厚及壳层致密性.中空TiO_2微球可显著提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能和力学性能.采用不同粒径的模板制备的中空TiO_2微球对复合薄膜的各项性能均有影响,其中模板粒径为140 nm时复合薄膜性能最优,光反射率提升63%,导热系数降低27%,且在波长小于360 nm范围内,紫外透过率几乎为0,抗张强度增加100%,断裂伸长率提升62%.     

Synergistic effect of functional carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on the anti‐corrosion performance of epoxy coating

In this work, we reported the synergistic effect of functional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) on the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating. For this purpose, the GO and CNTs were firstly modified by the 3‐aminophenoxyphthalonitrile to realize the nitrile functionalized graphene oxides (GO‐CN) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐CN). As modified GO‐CN and CNTs‐CN were characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and gravimetric analyzer. It was found that about 19 and 24 wt% of 3‐aminophenoxyphthalonitrile were grafted onto the surface of the GO and CNTs, respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the GO‐CN&CNTs‐CN hybrid materials exhibit a remarkable superiority in enhancing the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coatings. Significant synergistic effect of the lamellar structural GO‐CN and CNTs‐CN on the anticorrosion performance of epoxy composite coatings was designed. Besides, the epoxy coating with 1 wt% of the GO‐CN&CNTs‐CN hybrid exhibited the best anticorrosion performance, in which the impedance showed the largest one (immersion in 3.5 wt% of NaCl solution for 168 hr). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东昆仑地区石墨矿地质特征及找矿前景初探

通过对青海省格尔木市郭勒木德镇晶质石墨矿含矿特征、岩石地球化学特征以及成矿环境的分析,查明晶质石墨矿赋存于早元古代金水口岩群白沙河岩组的大理岩段与加里东期岩浆接触部位;大理岩具有构造多期叠加、变形强烈的特征.晶质石墨矿具有层控后期热液变质的特征,具有很好的成矿环境和找矿前景.     

中间软化回火在弹簧钢形变强化遗传中的作用

作者采用透射电镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等实验设备,研究了55SiMnVB钢在遗传强化处理过程中,中间软化回火对钢中显微组织、位错密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,高温形变强化效果在相变再结晶过程中的遗传,实际是位错结构与位错密度的遗传;中间软化回火,不仅降低了钢的硬度而便于加工,而且继承了高温形变所产生的位错结构并使其稳定,使高温形变亚结构能够遗传给次生马氏体,从而获得比常规热处理稍高的强度。     

混凝-水解-接触氧化处理造纸漂白废水的研究

本文研究了混凝,厌氧酸化,生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理造纸制浆含氯漂白废水,在水力停留时间为15h时,整个系数CODcr总去除率达88．1％,BOD5去除率达81％,AOX去除率达98．4％,毒性值去除了92％,絮凝单元去除的主要是大分子氯代有机物,厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解,氯代有机物得到了基本的去除;好氧单元对COD有较高的去除率,红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素,虽然漂白废水厌氧处理效果不如好氧处理,但厌氧,好氧联合处理可有效地提高其处理效果。     

大惯性转台准确定位的自调整控制方法

对于大惯性转台的控制 ,提出了自调整控制算法 ,利用历史信息实现转台减速点的智能调整 ,给出了减速点计算公式 ,解决了大惯性转台快速运行与准确定位的矛盾 .利用Matlab对系统进行了建模仿真研究 ,得到了满意效果 ,证明了自调整算法的有效性 .     

Methane emissions from wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The areal extent of cold freshwater wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is estimated at 0.133 × 10⁶ km², suggesting a significant methane potential. Methane fluxes from wet alpine meadows, peatlands,Hippuris vulgaris mires and secondary marshes were 43.18, 12.96, −0.28 and 45.90 mg · m⁻² · d⁻¹, respectively based on the transect flux studies at the Huashixia Permafrost Station (HPS) from July to August 1996. Average CH₄ fluxes in the thaw season were extrapolated at 5.68 g · m⁻² according to the areal percentage of wetland areas in the Huashixia region. The CH₄ fluxes at four fixed sites, representative of similar ecosystems, ranged from −19.384–347.15 mg · m⁻² · d⁻¹, and the average CH₄ fluxes varied from 6.54 to 71.97 mg · m⁻² · d⁻¹ at each site during the observation period from April to September 1997. The CH₄ emissions at each site during the entire thaw season was estimated from 1.21 to 10.65 g · m⁻², displaying strong spatial variations. Seasonal variations of CH₄ fluxes also were observed at four sites: CH₄ outbursts occurred upon the spring thaw in May and June, CH₄ fluxes increased afterwards with rising soil temperatures. Episodic fluxes were observed in summer, which influenced the average CH₄ fluxes considerably. Annual CH₄ emissions from cold wetlands on the QTP were estimated at about 0.7–0.9 Tg based on the distribution of wetlands, representative CH₄ fluxes, and number of thaw days. The centers of CH₄ releasing were located in the sources of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, and Zoigê Peatlands.     

生物反应器填埋场中重金属固定和释放规律实验研究

通过实验柱模拟生物反应器填埋场的完全厌氧状态与氧气入侵状态,用以研究填埋场完全厌氧稳定化过程及氧气介入的情况下重金属的固定与释放规律。结果表明:Cd、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn,在厌氧降解完全结束时其滞留率分别达到70.2%、83.9%、90.6%、70%和95.7%。氧气的入侵不会增加Pb和Cd的活性,却促进了Mn、Ni和Zn的释放,但相对于固定总量来说,释放量不大。因此,生活垃圾对于重金属有很大的固定容量,且环境变化的冲击对填埋场重金属固定的影响较小。     

用边界层理论计算平底闸孔出流的流量

应用边界层理论,对闸孔出流的水力计算方法进行了分析,得出了用边界层厚度表示的流量计算的表达式。该计算式物理意义明确、计算简单,经验证与试验结果一致。     

曳引机主传动机构的可靠性稳健设计

考虑曳引机主传动机构——蜗杆副中的各种不确定因素,根据其失效形式建立了可靠性分析模型;对蜗杆副进行了可靠性分析及可靠性灵敏度分析,确定了随机变量对可靠度的影响程度.针对获得的可靠性结果,对蜗杆副实施优化设计,使机构得到了改善,并获得了合适的可靠性指标;将可靠性灵敏度引入优化模型,使得可靠性稳健设计归结为满足可靠度要求的多目标优化问题.通过实际算例验证了该方法的实用性与有效性.