Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Their Lung Protective Activity

A new flavonoid, saffloflavanside (1), a new sesquiterpene, safflomegastigside (2), and a new amide, saffloamide (3), together with twenty-two known compounds (4–25), were isolated from the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. Their structures were determined based on interpretation of their spectroscopic data and comparison with those reported in the literature. The protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated damage on human normal lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells of the compounds were evaluated using MTT assay and cellular immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that compounds 2–3, 8–11, and 15–19 exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced damage to BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, compounds 2–3, 8–11, and 15–19 can significantly downregulate the level of nuclear translocation of NF-κB p-p65. In summary, this study revealed chemical constituents with lung protective activity from C. tinctorius, which may be developed as a drug for the treatment of lung injury.     

Metabonomics Study of the Hematopoietic Effect of Medicinal Wine Maoji Jiu on a Blood Deficiency Rat Model by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and a Pattern Recognition Approach

Maoji Jiu (MJ) is a kind of medicinal wine that has been widely used by Chinese people for many years to nourish and promote blood circulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hematopoietic effect of MJ on the metabolism of blood deficient rats and to explore the underlying hematopoietic regulation mechanisms. Blood deficiency model rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of N-acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The plasma metabolic fingerprints of blood deficiency model rats with and without MJ treatment were obtained by using metabonomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF/MS). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) was used to evaluate the hematopoietic effect of MJ and identify potential biomarkers in the plasma of blood deficiency model rats. The levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) and the activity of antioxidant capacity showed a recovery trend to the control group after MJ treatment, while the dose of 10 mL/kg showed the best effect. In this study, thirteen potential biomarkers were identified, which were mainly related to seven metabolic pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. Metabolomics was applied frequently to reflect the physiological and metabolic state of organisms comprehensively, indicating that the rapid plasma metabonomics may be a potentially powerful tool to reveal the efficacy and enriching blood mechanism of MJ.     

A Bregman-Split-Based Compressive Sensing Method for Dynamic Harmonic Estimation

In order to overcome the spectral interference of the conventional Fourier transform in the International Electrotechnical Commission framework, this paper introduces a Bregman-split-based compressive sensing (BSCS) method to estimate the Taylor–Fourier coefficients in a multi-frequency dynamic phasor model. Considering the DDC component estimation, this paper transforms the phasor problem into a compressive sensing model based on the regularity and sparsity of the dynamic harmonic signal distribution. It then derives an optimized hybrid regularization algorithm with the Bregman split method to reconstruct the dynamic phasor estimation. The accuracy of the model was verified by using the cross entropy to measure the distribution differences of values. Composite tests derived from the dynamic phasor test conditions were then used to verify the potentialities of the BSCS method. Simulation results show that the algorithm can alleviate the impact of dynamic signals on phasor estimation and significantly improve the estimation accuracy, which provides a theoretical basis for P-class phasor measurement units (PMUs).     

耦合FE/WB法在声分析中的应用

简要描叙FE法(finite element method)和WB法(wave based method)的理论背景以及耦合FE/WB法的数学基础.耦合FE/WB法利用两者的优势——FE法的广泛应用和WB法的高收敛特性,将FE模型中较大且几何简单的部分采用WB法代替.耦合模型具有相对较少的自由度.对于较高的频率还可以进行细分得到更高的计算精度,并利用模态缩减法进一步减少自由度数.数值算例结果表明,该耦合方法有潜力覆盖中频段的声分析.     

Efficient cardiac diffusion tensor MRI by three-dimensional reconstruction of solenoidal tensor fields

Tensor tomography is being investigated as a technique for reconstruction of in vivo diffusion tensor fields that can potentially be used to reduce the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Specifically, assessments are being made of the reconstruction of cardiac diffusion tensor fields from 3D Radon planar projections using a filtered backprojection algorithm in order to specify the helical fiber structure of myocardial tissue. Helmholtz type decomposition is proposed for 3D second order tensor fields. Using this decomposition a Fourier projection theorem is formulated in terms of the solenoidal and irrotational components of the tensor field. From the Fourier projection theorem, two sets of Radon directional measurements, one that reconstructs the solenoidal component and one that reconstructs the irrotational component of the tensor field, are prescribed. Based on these observations filtered backprojection reconstruction formulae are given for the reconstruction of a 3D second order tensor field and its solenoidal and irrotational components from Radon projection measurements. Computer simulations demonstrate the validity of the mathematical formulations and demonstrate that a realistic model of the helical fiber structure of the myocardial tissue specifies a diffusion tensor field for which the first principal vector (the vector associated with the maximum eigenvalue) of the solenoidal component accurately approximates the first principal vector of the diffusion tensor. A priori knowledge of this allows the orientation of the myocardial fiber structure to be specified utilizing one half of the number of MRI measurements of a normal diffusion tensor field study.     

就地城镇化地区耕地细碎化及其影响因素分析——以福建省晋江市为例

以福建省晋江市为研究区,基于2016年土地利用现状数据选取斑块面积指数、斑块形状指数和斑块分散指数3个景观指数构建耕地细碎化指标体系,从不同尺度对就地城镇化下晋江市耕地细碎化程度和空间分布进行了评价,然后基于耕地细碎化空间自相关特征并结合地理加权回归模型和地理探测器方法分析不同因素对耕地细碎化的影响.结果表明:1)晋江市耕地细碎化整体处于中度细碎化水平,其全局莫兰指数为0.382 7,具有一定的空间正相关,呈现出明显的空间集聚现象;2)高程、坡度和河流对耕地细碎化影响度以正影响为主,居民点和交通以负影响为主,土地利用类型中建设用地对耕地细碎化影响最为突出.细碎化高集聚区域基本处在各因素的主要影响度范围内,各个因素对耕地细碎化空间集聚产生显著影响;3)在选取的因素中自然因素(高程、坡度和河流)和人类干扰因子(居民点、交通和土地利用类型)对耕地细碎化的空间分异影响显著不同,自然因素(高程、坡度和河流)是晋江市耕地细碎化的主要原因,且居民点与自然要素共同作用会加剧耕地细碎化程度.     

"十二五"期间广西酸雨污染变化特征分析

为了解"十二五"期间广西酸雨污染特征及变化趋势情况,利用"十二五"期间广西全区14个市的大气降水监测数据,通过pH值、酸雨频率、降水离子组分3方面数据统计并分析其变化趋势。"十二五"期间广西酸雨污染主要为弱酸性酸雨,其次为酸性酸雨,重酸性酸雨污染占比不足20%,较少有严重酸性酸雨;降水酸度总体呈减弱趋势,酸雨频率呈波动下降趋势,5年期间城市酸雨污染整体呈减轻趋势;酸雨区域主要集中在桂北、桂西部地区,东南部由酸雨区域变为非酸雨区域,酸雨区域面积有所减少;降水中SO24-离子当量浓度逐年下降,NO3-离子当量浓度呈上升趋势,SO24-/NO3-的比值呈现显著下降趋势,广西酸雨污染特征由硫酸型向硫酸与硝酸混合型酸雨过渡。广西的酸雨污染略有减轻趋势,这与广西近年来的环境治理取得的成效有关。     

未成年猕猴最低蛋白质平衡日粮的研究

在笼养条件下, 对４ 组未成年猕猴（共１２ 只） 分别饲喂粗蛋白质含量为Ⅰ组２１．１％ 、Ⅱ组１９％ 、Ⅲ组１７．１％ 和Ⅳ组１４．８％ 的日粮, 试验期１８０ ｄ, 结果表明： ４ 组猕猴平均增重分别为０．６ ｋｇ、０．６ ｋｇ、０．５ ｋｇ 和０．５ ｋｇ; 实验期间各组猕猴血红蛋白、血清总蛋白和血清总脂含量无明显变化。经核算, Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的饲料成本分别比Ⅰ组下降了７．８％ 、１５．０％和２１．１％ 。从生物学和经济学的观点考虑, 初步认为在本试验条件下, 未成年猕猴日粮粗蛋白质含量以１７．１％ （Ⅲ组） 最合适     

HoNiSn的X射线粉末衍射数据

给出指标化的ＨｏＮｉＳｎ相的Ｘ射线粉末衍射数据。该化事物属正交晶系，ａ＝７．０６５８（６）Ａ，ｂ＝７．６４５５（２）Ａ，ｃ＝４．４３９６（１）Ａ。每个晶胞有４个化合式量，空间群为Ｐｎａ２１。     

不同浓度下乙醇-水溶液的缔合状态

为了研究不同浓度的乙醇-水溶液的缔合状态,采用1HNMR对其氢键缔合展开分析.发现:溶液中弱氢键C H…O随浓度变化的幅度较小,其中CH2比CH3更易形成弱氢键,也更易受浓度波动的影响;至于强氢键O H…C,乙醇分子OH比水分子更易受浓度变化的影响,溶液在乙醇摩尔分数x=0.550时出现最强的氢键缔合网络结构.根据缔合强度大小把溶液浓度范围大致分为3个区间:0x0.236时,水分子缔合结构占主要地位;0.236≤x≤0.735时,乙醇分子和水分子相互作用,形成更强、更广的氢键缔合网络结构;0.735x1.000时,乙醇分子缔合结构占据主要地位.