A tunable hierarchical porous carbon from starch pretreated by calcium acetate for high performance supercapacitors

Hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) with abundant mesopores have been prepared by a facile route from the starch that was pretreated by calcium acetate. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption–desorption tests show that hierarchical porous carbons with bimodal mesopores have been obtained. Moreover, the pore sizes are tunable by simply adjusting the reactants ratio and carbonization temperature. The as-synthesized hierarchical porous carbon materials (HPCs-2-800) possesses the highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-specific surface area of 464 m² g^?1 and mesoporous volume of 0.663 cm³ g^?1 at the carbonization temperature of 800 °C and starch to calcium acetate mass ratio of 2. Electrochemical measurements also display that the HPCs-2-800 electrodes have a high reversible capacity of 244 F g^?1 at the current density of 0.1 A g^?1 and 182 F g^?1 at the current density of 10 A g^?1. When the current density is elevated from 0.1 to 10 A g^?1, the high capacitance retention of 74.6 % reveals a good rate performance. Long charge–discharge cycling measurements disclose good stabilities over 25,000 cycles at different current densities of 1–10 A g^?1 (5000 cycles at each current density) for HPCs-2-800 electrode. The cycling results indicate a high capacitance retention of 99.6 % over 5000 charge–discharge cycles even at the current density of 10 A g^?1. The excellent supercapacitive performances imply that HPCs-2-800 is a promising candidate for supercapacitors.     

卟啉衍生物的结构与其薄层色谱R_f值的关系

In this paper the relationship between structure of porphyrin derivatives and its R_f values in TLC is stud-ied.and new rules obtained are discussed.     

水热条件下氧化物枝蔓晶的形成

本文在采用水热盐溶液卸压技术制备氧化物粉体时发现制得的氧化物颗粒之间按一定的规律连生在一起,形成类似于枝蔓晶的生长形态.通过对其连生方式的分析发现,在过饱和度较低的条件下连生也存在各向异性.即晶粒生长速度快的晶面易连生在一起.     

三波长光度法测定微量亚硝酸根及其机理的研究

本文研究了硫堇与亚硝酸根的反应 ,根据三波长处吸光度的加和值与亚硝酸根浓度的线性关系 ,提出并建立了测定亚硝酸根含量的新方法 ,线性范围 0～ 0 .5 6 0 m g· L- 1 ,用于样品中亚硝酸根的测定获得满意结果。并对反应机理进行了初步探讨     

KCl晶体物态特性及结构相变的理论计算

利用原子分子理论计算了ＫＣｌ晶体的物态特性及结构相变压力．计算结果表明,晶体在１７３ＧＰａ的高压下将发生从通常的ＮａＣｌ型晶体结构到ＣｓＣｌ型晶体结构的相变,相应的体积跃变为１６３％,其高压状态方程及相变压力的计算值与实验值符合较好．     

中空介孔二氧化硅在生物医学领域中的应用研究进展

中空介孔二氧化硅具有中空腔结构、低密度、大比表面积、良好的生物相容性和稳定性以及表面易修饰等理化特性,在生物医学领域中受到广泛关注.该文主要概括了近年来功能化中空介孔二氧化硅在药物控释、靶向和生物成像中的应用研究进展,同时对目前中空介孔二氧化硅在临床应用中面临的问题进行了分析.     

透明质酸纳米材料在荧光/光声成像和光疗中的应用

荧光/光声成像和光疗技术的生物医学应用引起了人们越来越多的关注, 然而很多荧光/光声造影剂存在生物相容性较差, 缺乏肿瘤靶向性, 信噪比较低, 功能单一等共性问题, 严重限制其诊疗应用. 透明质酸具有优异的生物相容性和主动肿瘤靶向性, 可被透明质酸酶降解, 并且易于化学修饰和实现多种超分子弱相互作用力协同工作. 因此, 人们将透明质酸与荧光/光声造影剂结合制备纳米材料, 使其在细胞乃至活体的标记性能和治疗效果获得了很大的改善. 本文综述了将两类物质结合制备纳米材料的方法, 着重阐述了纳米材料的结构与性能关系, 为其未来设计和开发提供了指导, 最后对存在的主要问题以及未来的重要研究方向进行了分析和展望.     

An analytical poroelastic model for laboratorial mechanical testing of the articular cartilage (AC)

The articular cartilage (AC) can be seen as a biphasic poroelastic material. The cartilage deformation under compression mainly leads to an interstitial fluid flow in the porous solid phase. In this paper, an analytical poroelastic model for the AC under laboratorial mechanical testing is developed. The solutions of interstitial fluid pressure and velocity are obtained. The results show the following facts. (i) Both the pressure and fluid velocity amplitudes are proportional to the strain loading amplitude. (ii) Both the amplitudes of pore fluid pressure and velocity in the AC depend more on the loading amplitude than on the frequency. Thus, in order to obtain the considerable fluid stimulus for the AC cell responses, the most effective way is to increase the loading amplitude rather than the frequency. (iii) Both the interstitial fluid pressure and velocity are strongly affected by permeability variations. This model can be used in experimental tests of the parameters of AC or other poroelastic materials, and in research of mechanotransduction and injury mechanism involved interstitial fluid flow.     

部分还原氧化石墨烯-Fe3O4对水中Mn(Ⅱ)的快速去除

采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO), 继而用一步共沉淀法制备了部分还原氧化石墨烯-四氧化三铁复合物(PRGO-Fe₃O₄). 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、 X射线能量色散光谱(EDX)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 选区电子衍射(SAED)及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对其进行了分析表征; 考察了pH值、 接触时间、 吸附材料用量、 共存物质、 GO的还原、 循环使用次数等因素对Mn(Ⅱ)吸附行为的影响. 结果表明, PRGO-Fe₃O₄中Fe₃O₄颗粒分布均匀, 大小为15~20 nm, 剩磁和矫顽力均很小. 因Fe₃O₄颗粒的锚定作用, 石墨烯片层很薄, 使PRGO-Fe₃O₄对Mn(Ⅱ)表现出高效的吸附性能和良好的循环使用性能: 当pH=7、 PRGO-Fe₃O₄用量为500 mg/g时, 对201.3211 mg/L的Mn(Ⅱ)溶液仅3 min即达吸附平衡, 吸附率和吸附量分别为99.35%和404.49 mg/g, 磁分离仅需10 s, 经5次循环吸附后, 容量保持率为首次的78%. 机理与热力学研究结果表明, 吸附为吸热、 自发的单层化学吸附.