Thermally-Induced Isomerization of Prenucleation Clusters During the Prenucleation Stage of CdTe Quantum Dots

The evolution of prenucleation clusters in the prenucleation stage of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has remained unexplored. With CdTe as a model system, we show that substances form and isomerize prior to the nucleation and growth of QDs. Called precursor compounds (PCs), the prenucleation clusters are relatively optically transparent and can transform to absorbing magic-size clusters (MSCs). When a prenucleation-stage sample at 25, 45, or 80 °C is dispersed in a mixture of cyclohexane (CH) and octylamine (OTA) at room temperature, either MSC-371, MSC-417, or MSC-448 evolves with absorption peaking at 371, 417, or 448 nm, respectively. We propose that PC-371 forms at 25 °C, and isomerizes to PC-417 at 45 °C and to PC-448 at 80 °C. The PCs and MSCs are quasi isomers. Relatively large and small amounts of OTA favor PC-371 and PC-448 in dispersion, respectively. The present findings suggest the existence of PC-to-PC isomerization in the QD prenucleation stage.     

1-羟基苯并三氮唑和钼酸钠对铜的缓蚀协同作用

采用电化学、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等实验方法研究了1-羟基苯并三氮唑(BTAOH)和钼酸钠(Na2Mo O4)复配后对铜在ASTM D 1384模拟大气腐蚀溶液中的缓蚀协同作用.电化学实验结果表明:BTAOH与Na2Mo O4在50 mg·L-1的质量浓度条件下,以2∶1复配使用能够显著提高铜在模拟大气腐蚀溶液中的电荷转移电阻,降低腐蚀电流密度,缓蚀率达到90.7%;铜在模拟大气腐蚀溶液中的腐蚀产物呈聚集柱状堆砌在表面,而在含有缓蚀剂的溶液中表面平整致密,且疏水性增强,接触角显著增大至91.8°.X射线光电子能谱结果显示Na2Mo O4与铜表面作用后形成Mo O3和Mo O2,两种氧化物填充在BTAOH形成的表面膜的缝隙中,提高了膜的致密性,对铜产生良好的保护作用.     

冷冻-解冻对烹饪后鸡胸肉的感官描述剖面的影响(英文)

冷冻是消费者用于延长肉类储藏期的一种常用方法,也是研究人员常用于肉类品质评估和加工的前道工序.目前尚无完善记录表明,冷冻对烹饪后的禽胸肉质的感官品质会产生影响.本研究的目的是比较新鲜与冷冻-解冻鸡胸肉的感官质量剖面属性.鸡胸肉块在宰后24 h内从胴体上分割,分别以新鲜状态直接烹饪或置于-20℃冷冻.冷冻样品采用三种不同解冻方式:冷冻后直接取出烹饪解冻(0 h);在20℃水中预解冻2 h后烹饪(2 h);或在4℃预解冻24 h后烹饪(24 h).对照组则为新鲜鸡胸肉直接烹饪.肉块加热到78℃时用于评价感官质量属性.该实验由经过训练的描述型品评员采用0~15强度标度法进行评价.结果显示:不同的处理方式并没有引起任何风味特征和5种质构特征(内聚力、硬度、多汁、肉块大小、肉块湿度)上的差异(P0.05).然而,不同处理方式引起了团块内聚性、分解率和咀嚼性上的显著差异(P0.05):冻后直接烹饪(0 h)和解冻24 h烹饪(24 h)的鸡肉块的团块内聚性评价要明显高于预解冻2 h的样品.冻后直接烹饪样品(0h)的分解率和咀嚼性显著高于新鲜对照组和预解冻2 h的样品.本研究结果表明,冷冻-解冻对鸡胸肉的感官风味品质无影响,但可能改变烹饪后鸡胸肉的质构特征.因此,冷冻-解冻对肉类质构的影响取决于烹饪前的解冻方法.     

一种用于有机溶剂中含水量检测的甲基吡啶盐

以2,6-二甲基吡啶为原料,通过氧化、酯化、羟甲基化、卤代、Wittig反应,最后进行甲基化反应得到甲基吡啶盐.该吡啶盐具有明显的溶致变色现象,可用于普通有机溶剂中含水量的检测,其中在四氢呋喃中水含量的检出极限(DL)为0.0293%,优于目前的文献报道值.通过非线性拟合得出了可见光区域的最大吸收波长变化与含水量的方程式,根据最大吸收波长的数值可以直接算出溶剂中的含水量,具有很好的实用性.此外,还具有水溶性好、灵敏度高、响应迅速等一系列优点,具有很好的应用前景.     

明清时期皖江地区水旱灾害研究

为丰富和拓展安徽乃至长江流域水旱灾害研究领域,通过对皖江地区各府县志文献资料关于水旱灾害的记载,使用数据统计、比较分析等方法,对该地区明清时期水旱灾害的发生特征、变化趋势及周期进行了分析.结果表明:一是水灾居多且呈频次不断上升的趋势;二是区域间水旱灾害存在不均衡性;三是水旱灾害发生的交替性和长时段上的相对均衡性.     

Selective binding behaviors of p-sulfonatocalixarenes in aqueous solution

The complex structures, binding abilities, molecular selectivities, and thermodynamic origin of p-sulfonatocalixarenes upon complexation with kinds of guests are outlined in this review article, including inorganic cations, organic ammonium cations, pyridiniums and viologens, neutral organic molecules, dye molecules, and others. Calorimetric and spectroscopic investigations afford the complex stability constants, thermodynamic parameters and binding manners of the inclusion complexation of p-sulfonatocalixarenes with guest molecules. The π-stacking, hydrophobic and charge interactions are the main driving-forces during the course of the host–guest inclusion complexation. The molecular binding abilities and selectivities are influenced by not only the frameworks of calixarene cavities, structures of guest molecules, and their binding manners but also the conditions of solutions (mainly pH), which are discussed from the correlation between the structural features and molecular-recognition abilities. Moreover, the further applications and potentials of p-sulfonatocalixarenes are briefly described.     

Microfluidics-based electrospray ionization enhances the intrasource separation of lipid classes and extends identification of individual molecular species through multi-dimensional mass spectrometry: development of an automated high-throughput platform for shotgun lipidomics

Herein, we exploit the use of microfluidics and optimized Taylor cones for improved intrasource separation/selective ionization of lipid classes during electrospray ionization. Increased differential ionization of multiple phospholipid classes was achieved through microfluidics with chip-based ionization resulting in substantial enhancement of intrasource separation/selective ionization of phospholipid classes in comparison to the conventional ion source. For example, using myocardial lipid extracts, 3-fold improvements in intrasource separation/selective ionization of myocardial phospholipid classes were routinely realized in the negative-ion mode in the absence of LiOH or other basic modifiers in the infused sample solutions. Importantly, the relative ratios of ions corresponding to individual molecular species in each lipid class to a selected internal standard from myocardial extracts were nearly identical between the chip-based interface and the syringe-pump-driven capillary interface. Therefore, quantitation of individual lipid molecular species directly from biological extracts through comparisons with internal standards in each lipid class was readily accomplished with an accuracy and dynamic range nearly identical to those documented using the well-established direct syringe-pump-driven capillary interface. Collectively, the use of microfluidics and robotic sample handling substantially enhances intrasource separation of lipids in comparison to routine capillary interfaces and greatly facilitates the use of multi-dimensional mass spectrometry using shotgun lipidomics, thereby providing an automated and high-throughput platform for global analyses of cellular lipidomes.     

Self-assembly of a cyclic metalladecapyridine from the reaction of 2,6-bis(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethane)pyridine with silver(I)

Reaction of Ag( p-MeC 6H 4SO 3) with 2,6-bis(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethane)pyridine (PY5) in CH 2Cl 2 gave [Ag (I) 2(PY5) 2](p-MeC 6H 4SO 3) 2 (1). Treatment of 2,6-bis(bis(2-pyridyl)hydroxymethane)pyridine (PY5-OH) with AgNO 3 in MeOH gave [Ag (I) 2(PY5-OH) 2](NO3) 2 (2); in the presence of PPh 3, this reaction afforded [Ag (I)(PY5-OH)(PPh 3)]NO 3 (3). The structures of 1- 3 have been determined by X-ray crystal analysis, revealing four-coordinate Ag (I) ions in these complexes. Both 1 and 2 feature a quadruply branched 28-membered C 16N 10M 2 metallamacrocycle fused to 10 pyridyl groups. On the basis of (1)H NMR measurements, the dinuclear 1 and 2 dissociate into a mononuclear complex upon dissolving in MeCN but in MeOH an equilibrium between the mono- and dinuclear species can be detected.     

钦州湾近岸海域水质污染状况评价

【目的】调查及评价钦州湾近岸海域水质污染程度。【方法】2010年3月(春季)及2010年9月(秋季)在钦州湾近岸海域布设9个站位进行水质、浮游植物及浮游动物调查。采用水质综合污染指数及生物多样性指数对调查结果进行评价。【结果】钦州湾近岸海域春季、秋季水质综合污染指数平均值分别为3.20、3.68;浮游植物多样性指数分别为3.37、3.35;浮游动物多样性指数分别为2.33、2.89。【结论】以水质综合污染指数评价,2010年钦州湾近岸海域污染等级为轻污染;以浮游植物多样性指数评价,污染等级为轻度污染至无污染;以浮游动物多样性指数进行评价,污染等级为轻中污染。相对于浮游动物多样性指数,浮游植物多样性指数能更灵敏地指示和评价海洋环境的污染形势,但其评价标准和方法有待更多的调查和研究来进行验证和修正。单一利用生物多样性指数进行海域污染评价,具有一定的局限性,但仍可在一定程度上反映出海洋环境的污染程度。