中物院远红外自由电子激光实验研究

中国工程物理研究院基于射频直线加速器技术的远红外自由电子激光(FIR-FEL)实验取得阶段性进展,于2005年3月24晚8时30分首次出光, 并多次重复. 中心波长115μm, 谱宽1%.介绍了实验系统的主要组成部分和主要实验结果.     

Bimodal fission in binary and ternary spontaneous fission of 252Cf

The hot bimodal fission of ²⁵²Cf is reexamined with new high-statistics data. We constructed a γ-γ-γ coincidence cube for binary fission and LCP-gated γ-γ matrix for ternary fission. By identifying the secondary fission fragments from their γ-ray transitions, we measured the yields for various fission splits. The normal neutron yield distribution is found to be Gaussian for Xe-Ru. However, the binary fission split of Ba-Mo is found to exhibit a bimodal neutron distribution with the “hot mode” corresponding to ≈3.1% of the total yield. In α ternary fission, the first measurements of yields for specific fission splits are presented. The Te-α-Ru and Xe-α-Mo neutron yields fit well with a single mode, but the Ba-α-Zr split shows evidence for an enhanced hot mode with an intensity of ≈13.8% of the normal mode. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Determination of Trace Mercury by Solid Substrate-Room Temperature Phosphorimetry Quenching Method Based on Catalytic Effect of Hg2+on Formation of the Ion Association Complex [Sn(XO)6]4+·[(Fin)4]

A new method for the determination of trace mercury by solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) quenching method has been established. In glycine-HCl buffer solution, xylenol orange (XO) can react with Sn⁴⁺ to form the complex [Sn(XO)₆]⁴⁺. [Sn(XO)₆]⁴⁺ can interact with Fin⁻ (fluorescein anion) to form the ion associate [Sn(XO)₆]⁴⁺·[(Fin)₄]⁻, which can emit strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on polyamide membrane (PAM). Hg²⁺ can catalyze H₂O₂ oxidizing the ion association complex [Sn(XO)₆]⁴⁺·[(Fin)₄]⁻, which causes the RTP to quench. The ΔIp value is directly proportional to the concentration of Hg²⁺ in the range of 0.016–1.6 fg spot⁻¹ (corresponding concentration: 0.040–4.0 pg ml⁻¹, 0.40 μl spot⁻¹), and the regression equation of working cure is ΔIp=10.03+83.15 m Hg²⁺ (fg spot⁻¹), (r=0.9987, n=6) and the detection limit (LD) is 3.6 ag spot⁻¹(corresponding concentration: 9.0×10^–15 g ml⁻¹, the sample volume: 0.4 μl). This simple, rapid, accurate method is of high selectivity and good repeatability, and it has been successfully applied to the determination of trace mercury in real samples. The reaction mechanism for catalyzing H₂O₂ oxidizing the ion association complex ([Sn(XO)₆]⁴⁺·[(Fin)₄]⁻) SS-RTP quenching method to determine trace mercury is also discussed.     

空气/水界面水分子的取向和运动

对四种不同的实验构型下空气／水界面自由O-H键在3700cm~(-1)的和频振动光谱的分析表明,水分子在空气／水界面的取向运动只可能是在平衡位置附近有限角度之内的受限转动。界面水分子的自由O-H键取向距界面法线约33°,而取向分布或运动的宽度不超过15°。这一图像显著地不同于Wei等人(Phys. Rev. Lett.86,4799(2001))只通过单一的SFG实验构型所得出结论,即：空气／水界面的水分子在超快的振动弛豫时间内在很大的角度范围内运动。     

铁分子Fe2的自旋极化效应

采用密度泛函方法(B3P86)对 Fe_2分子结构进行了优化.计算结果中未观察到自旋污染,基态波函数与高态波函数并未混杂,结果表明,Fe_2中有8个未配对电子,这些电子空间分布不同和自旋平行产生的自旋极化效应,使 Fe_2能量最低.计算结果表明,Fe_2分子的基态是~9∑_g~ ,并非~7Δ_u,进而表明 Fe_2的自旋平行效应比电子自旋配对效应要强.计算得到该分子基态的二阶、三阶和四阶力常数分别为1.4115×10~(-2)aJ/nm~2、-37.1751×10~3aJ/nm~3和 98.7596×10~4aJ/nm~4；光谱数据ω_eχ_e、B_e、α_e分别为0.3522、0.0345、 0.4963×10~(-4)cm~(-1)；离解能为3.5522eV,平衡键长为0.2137nm,振动频率为292.914cm~(-1)；并得到了 Murrel-Sorbie 函数.     

D→Klv～l衰变过程的研究

用光锥QCD求和规则研究D→Klv～_l衰变过程，首先计算D→K跃迁形状因子，通过构造新的关联函数，消除了twist-3波函数的不确定性给计算结果所带来的影响，从而使计算结果更加精确. 计算得到的分支比与最近的实验数据相一致. 关键词： QCD光锥求和规则 D介子半轻衰变 分支比 形状因子     

利用微悬臂梁表面应力研究聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺分子的构象转变

提出了一种基于微悬臂梁传感技术研究大分子折叠/构象转变的新方法.通过分子自组装的方法将热敏性的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)分子链修饰到微悬臂梁的单侧表面,用光杠杆技术检测温度在20-40 ℃之间变化时由于微悬臂梁上的PNIPAM分子在水中的构象转变所引起的微悬臂梁变形.实验结果显示:在升温过程中,微悬臂梁的表面应力发生了变化并且导致微悬臂梁产生了弯曲变形,这个过程对应着微悬臂梁上的PNIPAM分子从无规线团构象到塌缩小球构象的构象转变.在降温过程中,微悬臂梁发生了反方向的弯曲变形,这对应着PNIPAM分子从塌缩小球构象向无规线团构象的构象转变.整个温度变化过程中构象转变是连续进行的,而在低临界溶解温度(约32 ℃)附近转变幅度较大,这与自由水溶液中PNIPAM分子的无规线团-塌缩小球构象转变相对应.实验结果还显示:由于PNIPAM分子在塌缩过程中氢键的形成和链段间可能的缠结效应,整个温度循环过程中微悬臂梁的变形是不可逆的且有明显的迟滞效应.     

Fe100-xPdx合金纳米线阵列的制备及其磁性研究

利用直流电沉积法在多孔阳极氧化铝模板中制备出了一系列Fe100-xPdx磁性纳米线阵列. Pd的增加使纳米线的总体磁性降低,各向异性和矫顽力也发生了较大的变化. 当Pd含量高达x=30时,纳米线仍有相当高的矫顽力(7.48 kA/m)和较明显的各向异性,但当Pd的含量增加到50%时,纳米线的易磁化方向由平行线的方向反转到垂直线的方向. 实验证明,这是由于在Fe80Pd20 和Fe70Pd30中连续的磁性相在Fe50Pd50纳米线中变成了与非磁性相相互间隔的非连续片状结构. 片状磁性相的形状各向异性使易磁化方向转变到垂直纳米线轴的方向. 从生长动力学的角度对Fe50Pd50纳米线中这种片状的形成进行了解释.     

PVP掺杂-ZrO2溶胶-凝胶工艺制备多层激光高反射膜的研究

以丙醇锆(ZrPr)为锆源,二乙醇胺(DEA)为络合剂,原位引入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),在乙醇体系中成功地合成了PVP掺杂-ZrO2溶胶.采用旋涂法在K9玻璃基片上制备了PVP-ZrO2单层杂化薄膜.用不同掺杂量的PVP-ZrO2高折射率膜层与相同的SiO2低折射率膜层交替沉积四分之一波堆高反射膜.借助小角X射线散射研究胶体微结构,用红外光谱、原子力显微镜、紫外/可见/近红外透射光谱、椭圆偏振仪以及1064nm的强激光辐照实验对薄膜的结构、光学和抗激光损伤性能进行表征.研究发现,体系组成的适当配置可以在溶胶稳定的前提下实现ZrPr的充分水解,赋予薄膜良好的结构、光学和抗激光损伤性能.杂化体系中,DEA与ZrPr之间强的配合作用大大降低了ZrO2颗粒表面羟基的活性,使得PVP大分子只是以微弱的氢键与颗粒的表面羟基作用而均匀分散于ZrO2颗粒的周围,对颗粒的形成和生长无显著影响.因而在实验研究范围内,随PVP含量的增大,PVP-ZrO2杂化膜层的折射率和激光损伤阈值均无显著变化.但是,薄膜中均匀分布的PVP柔性链可以有效促进膜层应力松弛,显著削弱不同膜层之间的应力不匹配程度、大大方便多层光学薄膜的制备.当高折射率膜层中PVP的质量分数达到15%-20%时,膜层之间良好的应力匹配使得多层高反射膜的沉积周期数可达到10以上.沉积1O个周期的多层反射膜,在中心波长1064nm处透射率约为1.6%-2.1%,接近全反射特征,其激光损伤阈值为16.4-18.2J/cm2(脉冲宽度为1ns).     

Distributed optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensors

The relationships of the resonant wavelength of optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors to the modulation layer refractive index, thickness and the refractive index of the bulk medium are obtained by using theoretical calculation model of optical fiber SPR sensors under certain conditions, which indicates that resonant wavelength of the sensors is approximately linear with modulation layer thickness. Based on the linear relationship, multiple SPR sensors with different resonant wavelengths can be fabricated in a single optical fiber named as distributed optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensors (DOFSPRSs).Experimental results are presented, showing that it is practical to fabricate more than one SPR sensors in a single optical fiber.