Room‐Temperature Solution‐Processed PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive absorber materials for high‐efficiency photovoltaics because of their facile solution processing, bandgap tunability due to quantum confinement effect, and multi‐exciton generation. To date, all published performance records for PbS CQDs solar cells have been based on the conventional hot‐injection synthesis method. This method usually requires relatively strict conditions such as high temperature and the utility of expensive source material (pyrophoric bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide (TMS‐S)), limiting the potential for large‐scale and low‐cost synthesis of PbS CQDs. Here we report a facile room‐temperature synthetic method to produce high‐quality PbS CQDs through inexpensive ionic source materials including Pb(NO₃)₂ and Na₂S in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) as the stabilizing ligand. The PbS CQDs were successfully prepared with an average particle size of about 5 nm. Solar cells based on the as‐synthesized PbS CQDs show a preliminary power conversion efficiency of 1.82%. This room‐temperature and low‐cost synthesis of PbS CQDs will further benefit the development of solution‐processed CQD solar cells.     

样本均值函数的期望及收敛速度

本文给出了样本均值X的函数f(X)的数学期望、方差的求法及其余项的收敛速度。     

论旅游研究应"从经济进去由文化出来"

本文从旅游研究中存在的问题入手，提出旅游学仍处于前科学阶段。     

拱坝多目标优化设计

本文解决了在优化中考虑稳定约束、开挖量、开挖深度、拉应力区等问题,并根据本文的数学模型编制了FORTRAN77程序在长城0520A型微机(与IBM—PC兼容)上实现,经过实际工程优化设计的考验,证明了本文程序的实用价值,为拱坝优化设计的全面推广创造了条件。     

粉末注射成形喂料充模过程数值分析

在简化条件下，对粉末注射成形喂料熔体在圆柱状模腔内作一维非等温流动进行了分析，用有限差分法建立了控制方程对应的差分方程组，并给出了差分方程组的求解步骤     

葛洲坝船闸活动桥水平偏差的检测

分析了自整角机的工作原理及作为位置检测传感器的优缺点，指出了它在活动桥控制系统中作为检测元件所产生的问题，介绍了一种新型的高精度数字传感器—旋转编码器，并叙述了由旋转编码器构成的全数字化活动桥控制系统     

Numerical simulations on the formation of laser speckles with nanofluids

Our recent work revealed that speckles can be formed when nanofluids containing a proper volume fraction of nanoparticles are illuminated by a monochromatic laser beam [Qian M, Liu J, Yan M-S, Shen Z-H, Lu J, Ni XW, et al. Investigation on utilizing laser speckle velocimetry to measure the velocities of nanoparticles in nanofluids. Opt Express 2006; 14: 7559–66]. In this paper, two different physical models are established to figure out the speckle-formation mechanism. The photon–nanoparticle-collision model emphasizes the random collisions between photons and nanoparticles, and Monte Carlo method is used to simulate how the incident photons move in the vessel containing nanofluids. However, in the electric-dipole model, each illuminated nanoparticle becomes an electric dipole and sends out scattering lights, and the coherent addition of the scattering lights from nanoparticles is numerically calculated. Finally, from the numerical results, the speckle-formation mechanism is figured out.