Extracellular biosynthesis of monodispersed gold nanoparticles by a SAM capping route

Monodispersed gold nanoparticles capped with a self-assembled monolayer of dodecanethiol were biosynthesized extracellularly by an efficient, simple, and environmental friendly procedure, which involved the use of Bacillus megatherium D01 as the reducing agent and the use of dodecanethiol as the capping ligand at 26 °C. The kinetics of gold nanoparticle formation was followed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was shown that reaction time was an important parameter in controlling the morphology of gold nanoparticles. The effect of thiol on the shape, size, and dispersity of gold nanoparticles was also studied. The results showed that the presence of thiol during the biosynthesis could induce the formation of small size gold nanoparticles (<2.5 nm), hold the shape of spherical nanoparticles, and promote the monodispersity of nanoparticles. Through the modulation of reaction time and the use of thiol, monodispersed spherical gold nanoparticles capped with thiol of 1.9 ± 0.8 nm size were formed by using Bacillus megatherium D01.     

Negatively and positively charged bacterial aerosol concentration and diversity in natural environments

Bioaerosol charge information is of vital importance for their electrostatic collection. Here, electrostatic means and molecular tools were applied to studying bioaerosol charge dynamics. Positively or negatively charged bioaerosols were collected using an electrostatic sampler operated with a field strength of 1.1 kV cm 1 at a flow rate of 3 L min 1 for 40 min. Those with fewer or no charges bypassing the sampler were also collected using a filter at the downstream of the electrostatic sampler in one environment. The experiments were independently conducted three times in three different environments. The collected bacterial aerosols were cultured directly on agar plates at 26°C, and the colony forming units (CFU) were manually counted. In addition, the CFUs were washed off from the agar plates, and further subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for culturable diversity analysis. The results revealed remarkable differences in positively and negatively charged culturable bacterial aerosol concentration and diversity among the studied environments. In the office environment, negatively charged culturable bacterial aerosols appeared to dominate (P = 0.0489), while in outdoor and hotel environments both polarities had similar concentration levels (P = 0.078, P = 0.88, respectively). DGGE patterns for positively charged culturable bacterial aerosols were shown strikingly different from those of negatively charged regardless of the sampling environments. In addition, for each of the environments positively charged culturable bacterial aerosols collected were found to have more band pattern similarity with those positively charged for respective regions of agar plates than those negatively charged, and vice versa. The information developed here is useful for developing efficient electrostatic sampling protocols for bioaerosols.     

张谷英大屋乡土建筑形式和建筑文化特色研究

张谷英大屋是明清民居古建筑群,本文从建筑形式和建筑文化两个角度对张谷英大屋进行了研究,其建筑形式独特之处主要有:合"中"向心的总体布局、纵横交织的巷道、天井扩展室内空间的功能等;其建筑文化则是其人与自然和谐统一的环境观念和反映人与人伦理秩序的建筑观念。     

Dose verification of volumetric modulation arc therapy by using a NIPAM gel dosimeter combined with a parallel-beam optical computed tomography scanner

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) was developed to shorten treatment time and increase target conformance. However, a true three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimeter is needed for dose verification. In this study, two clinic cases were adopted: a simple case of lung cancer and a complex case of larynx cancer. For each clinic case, two treatment plans were generated for the same planning target volume using VMAT and intensity modulated radiation therapy calculation software packages. An N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) polymer gel dosimeter was used for 3D dose verification. In addition, the dose characteristics of the NIPAM gel dosimeter were investigated for the two clinic cases.

     

分散H∞低阶控制器在不确定电力系统中的应用

提出了一种新的方法为具有不确定性的实际电力系统设计分散鲁棒H∞阻尼控制器。采用多胞型模型将系统运行状态的各种变化描述为以若干个典型运行参数为顶点的凸集。分散H∞控制器的设计可以归结为基于同伦参数法的两个线性矩阵不等式的求解问题。所提的方法可以得出较低阶的鲁棒控制器，具有工程实用性。将其与系统模型降阶法相结合，可进一步减轻计算负担，进而适用于实际电力系统的控制器求解。算法分别用于SVC的分散附加阻尼控制器和19机IEEE标准测试系统的PSS设计。算例结果表明，分散控制器相互协调，不但显著地提升系统的阻尼比，使其具有良好的抗干扰能力，且对于严重故障后产生的持续振荡具有很好的抑制作用。     

晶粒尺寸对Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3陶瓷介电性能的影响规律及机理研究

通过制备晶粒尺寸处于0.1-10 μm之间的致密Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3陶瓷,系统研究了晶粒尺寸对居里温度TC、铁电相介电常数εF、峰值介电常数εM的影响规律,并深入分析了其内在的影响机理.研究表明:晶粒尺寸减小时,TC刚开始基本不变,直到晶粒尺寸小到一定程度时才开始降低,此变化规律可由Buesseum的内应力模型解释;随晶粒尺寸的增加,εF先增加后减小,此变化规律可由Shaikh的串并联模型来解释,主要影响因素有内应力、畴、晶界;εM随晶粒尺寸的增加,在晶粒尺寸较小时先增加后减小,晶粒尺寸较大时略有增加,此变化规律可由弥散相变理论和串并联模型共同解释,在晶粒尺寸较小时主要影响因素为内应力、微畴和晶界,晶粒尺寸较大时主要影响因素为晶界.     

Neumann问题的对称解

讨论了在对称区域上，奇异扰动Neumann问题只有一个局部最大值点的对称解。     

InGaAs/GaAs saturable absorber for diode-pumped passively Q-switched mode-locking of Tm:YAP laser

A passively Q-switched mode-locking of diode-pumped TmYAP laser by use of InGaAs/GaAs as a saturable absorber is reported. The maximum Q-switched mode-locking output power was 480 mW near the wavelength range of 1.94 μm with pulse repetition frequency of 26.47 kHz. The beam quality was also measured to be 1.12 ± 0.02.     

数字环境下高校图书馆灰色文献的开发利用研究

在界定灰色文献概念的基础上，通过对美国、欧洲等地灰色文献收集和利用的介绍，并提出了一些对我国收集灰色文献的启示。阐述了信息时代高等院校灰色文献资源建设的必要性及意义，并提出开发利用方法及途径。     

Laplacian Spectra Characterization of Some Special θ-Graphs

A graph G is said to be determined by its Laplacian spectrum if any graph having the same Laplacian spectrum as G is isomorphic to G.We consider θ-graphs,that is,graphs obtained by subdividing the edges of the multigraph consist of three parallel edges.In this paper,some special θ-graphs are determined by their Laplacian spectra.