Shape Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization Using NASTRAN∗

Abstract

Major software improvements have been made by the developers of NASTRAN in the area of structural optimization. Grid point sensitivity is available in version 67. This paper tests this capability by comparison with analytical solutions. Suggestions for further improvements are identified as well as recommendations for its use. The new capability has been integrated into an optimization system for component design. Several examples, including a cantilever beam, a simplified engine connecting rod, a cantilever plate, and an upper suspension control arm, are analyzed and optimized using this system.     

Melamine trisulfonic acid-catalyzed N-formylation of amines under solvent-free conditions

A highly convenient method for N-formylation of amines via treatment by formic acid in the presence of melamine trisulfonic acid as a catalyst has been developed. This method showed improvements over previous reports in terms of yield, reaction time and chemoselectivity.     

Synthesis and characterization of polythiophene block copolymer and fullerene derivative capable of “three‐point” complementary hydrogen bonding interactions and their application in bulk‐heterojunction solar cells

We report the synthesis and characterization of a polythiophene block copolymer (P4) selectively functionalized with diaminopyrimidine moieties and a thymine tethered fullerene derivative (F1). Self‐assembly between P4 and F1 through “three‐point” complementary hydrogen bonding is studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. A large Stern‐Volmer constant (K_SV) of 1.2 × 10⁵ M^?1 is observed from fluorescence quenching experiments, revealing strong complexation between these two components. Solar cells employing P4 and F1 at different weight ratios as active layers are fabricated and tested; corresponding thin film morphologies are studied in detail by optical imaging and atomic force microscopy. Correlations between polymer complex structures, film morphologies, and device performance are discussed. Thermal stability of benchmark poly(3‐hexylthiophene) bulk heterojunction solar cells is found to be improved by the addition of a few weight percent of P4/F1 complexes as compatibilizers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3339–3350     

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides

We performed a systematic study of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in various manganese oxides and fluorides. Both Mn L-edges and ligand (O and F) K-edges are presented and compared with each other. Despite the distinct crystal structure and covalent/ionic nature in different systems, the Mn-L spectra fingerprint the Mn valence and spin states through spectral lineshape and energy position consistently and evidently. The clear O- and F-K pre-edge features in our high resolution spectra enable a quantitative definition of the molecular orbital diagram with different Mn valence. In addition, while the binding energy difference of the O-1s core electrons leads to a small shift of the O-K leading edges between trivalent and quadrivalent manganese oxides, a significant edge shift, with an order of magnitude larger in energy, was found between divalent and trivalent compounds, which is attributed to the spin exchange stabilization of half-filled 3d system. This shift is much enhanced in the ionic fluoride system. This work provides the spectroscopic foundation for further studies of complicated Mn compounds.     

Experimental investigation on bit-rate-adaptive software synchronous optical sampling

A tunable optical rail is embedded into the cavity of a nonlinear-polarization-rotation(NPR) mode-locked fiber laser to generate a sampling pulse with different repetition frequencies and realize bit-rate-adaptive software synchronous optical sampling.Two ultrashort pulses(20.26677 and 20.22900 MHz) are derived,and a 100-MHz data signal is sampled twice with these pulses based on sum-frequency generation(SFG) in periodically poled lithium niobate(PPLN).The eye diagram is successfully recovered,and an estimated bit rate of 102.22 MHz is derived.This method is feasible for bit rates ranging from 200 MHz to 1 GHz,with <3% relative error.     

光化动力学法测定痕量钒

研究在草酸盐离子存在下, 用紫外光照射含铁（ Ⅲ） 溶液, 通过光化学反应产生的铁（ Ⅱ）与溶液中的钒（ Ⅴ） 作用, 采用改进的永停法进行终点检测． 结果表明, 溶液含钒的量与到达检测终点的时间呈良好的线性关系． 据此可以测定试样中钒的含量． 用ＢａＳＯ４ 作共沉淀剂以共沉淀的形式, 把铬（ Ⅵ） 共沉淀以消除其对测定的影响．     

双桥基双核钼(V)簇合物的电子光谱和电子结构

本文用局部非定域分子轨道模型，简化和改进了对双桥基双核Ｍｏ（Ｖ）原子簇化合物电子结 构和电子光谱的计算，结果与实测值吻合，从而证实了这些化合物的电子光谱，主要取决于金属 －金属相互作用。本文还提出了度量原子簇化合物金属相互作用强度的新方法．     

双轴拉压应力下混凝土的强度和应力应变全曲线的试验研究

应用自制的真三轴拉压刚性试验机，结合高拱坝水工混凝土的受力特点，采用立方体试件进行双轴拉压受力试验。根据试验结果，分析了试件的破坏形态、应力应变全曲线和拉压强度，并给出相应的全曲线方程和强度计算公式。     

氯苯的激光拉曼光谱研究

运用群论方法分析氯苯的振动模式,得到各振动模式的对称性和拉曼活性,结果表明,氯苯分子振动拉曼光谱具有30条频率不同的拉曼谱线.采用激光拉曼光谱学技术获得了氯苯的振动拉曼光谱,分析了氯苯拉曼光谱的特点,并对其中16条谱线进行指认,为有机混合物中氯苯分子的识别提供依据.