实物测量造型中光顺准则和方法探讨

从计算机辅助几何设计（ＣＡＧＤ）中光顺的概念和准则出发，分析了实物测量造型中光顺的特点以及造成不光顺曲线曲面的原因，提出了实物测量造型中光顺的准则，并从技术测量和工艺角度提出了最小二乘法与测绘圆整法．它们是解决实物测量造型中光顺问题的切实可行的方法     

On-line concentration measurement for anti-solvent crystallization of β-artemether using UV–vis fiber spectroscopy

Concentration monitoring is essential for quality control of crystallizations. This work establishes the technical feasibility of Ultraviolet (UV) fiber spectroscopy for on-line concentration measurement of anti-solvent crystallization of β-artemether, where ethanol was selected as solvent and water was used as anti-solvent. The orthogonal signal correction (OSC) algorithm was selected to preprocess the UV spectra, and the results showed that the wavelength shift of UV maximum absorbance of β-artemether in ethanol+water solvent mixtures can be effectively eliminated by OSC algorithm. Then models for prediction of β-artemether concentration based on Lambert–Beer law were developed, and the models were verified by comparison between the training set and the validation set, as well as its directly application to the anti-solvent crystallization process of β-artemether. The results show that the model is suitable for on-line concentration measurement of anti-solvent crystallization of β-artemether, with reasonable accuracy and precision.     

具有连续系数的竞争扩散方程组的周期解(英文)

本文讨论了一类变系数的竞争扩散方程组,其中系数关于空间和时间变元连续,而关于时间变元是周期的.通过构造上下解,运用单调迭代方法证明了带Neumann边界条件的竞争扩散方程组正周期解的存在性和唯一性.     

Study on the Interaction Between Oxymatrine and Tungstosilicic Acid by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering and Its Analytical Applications

In the 0.1 mol · L^?1 hydrochloric acid solution, oxymatrine reacted with tungstosilicic acid to form a 2:1 ion-association complexes. This results in a great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering. The maximum resonance Rayleigh scattering wavelength was located at 393 nm. Resonance Rayleigh scattering intensity was proportional to the concentration of oxymatrine in the range of 1.5–26.4 µg · mL^?1, and the detection limit (3σ) was 0.23 µg · mL^?1. The optimum conditions and the effects of coexisting substances on the reaction were investigated. The method shows a wide linear range and high sensitivity, and was applied to the determination of oxymatrine in marine capsules and human urine samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, a highly sensitive, simple, and quick method has been developed for the determination of oxymatrine.     

模糊蕴涵算子及其构造(Ⅱ)--模糊蕴涵算子的伴随对及其圈乘算子

验证了15个有可能存在伴随对的模糊蕴涵算子的保存在交性质,结果表明它们都满足保存在交性质.求出了这15个模糊蕴涵算子的伴随对,得到了14个模糊蕴涵算子.给出了一种构造模糊蕴涵算子的方法,并求出了在这种构造方法下,由46个模糊蕴涵算子构造得到的模糊蕴涵算子及这46个模糊蕴涵算子的圈乘算子,共构造出89个模糊蕴涵算子.     

Expanding of Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol AcylTransferase (PDAT) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Multifunctional Biocatalyst with Broad Acyl Donor/Acceptor Selectivity

Triacylglycerols are considered one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuels. Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), responsible for the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis in the acyl-CoA-independent pathway, has attracted much attention by catalyzing membrane lipid transformation. However, due to lack of biochemical and enzymatic studies, PDAT has not carried forward in biocatalyst application. Here, the PDAT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The purified enzymes were studied using different acyl donors and acceptors by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. In addition of the preferred acyl donor of PE and PC, the results identified that ScPDAT was capable of using broad acyl donors such as PA, PS, PG, MGDG, DGDG, and acyl-CoA, and ScPDAT was more likely to use unsaturated acyl donors comparing 18:0/18:1 to 18:0/18:0 phospholipids. With regard to acyl acceptors, ScPDAT preferred 1,2 to 1,3-diacylglycerol (DAG), while 12:0/12:0 DAG was identified as the optimal acyl acceptor, followed by 18:1/18:1 and 18:1/16:0 DAG. Additionally, ScPDAT reveals esterification activity that can utilize methanol as acyl acceptor to generate fatty acid methyl esters. The results fully expand the enzymatic selectivity of ScPDAT and provide fundamental knowledge for synthesis of triacylglycerol-derived biofuels.

     

注CO_2置换煤层CH_4试验研究

利用屯留矿和寺河矿圆柱体原煤试样,进行不同注入压力条件下注CO2置换CH4试验,研究分析了置换过程中气体的吸附特性及注入压力对CO2置换效果的影响,提出了低孔隙压力条件时具有更好的置换效果。研究结果表明,同等条件下,置换平衡后煤体吸附CO2气体能力远强于CH4;煤体中CH4体积比随注入压力的降低而减小,而CO2体积比则呈现相反趋势;在8MPa围压条件下,随着注入压力的升高,CH4产出率呈线性关系降低,CO2置换比呈指数关系减小,显示出在试验压力范围内,低压条件下的CO2置换效果更佳;同等条件时,相对于试验中的无烟煤,贫瘦煤置换效果更好。     

Rapid screening of bioactive components from Zingiber cassumunar using elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography

Elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography (EECCC) takes full advantages of the liquid nature of the stationary phase. It effectively extends the solute hydrophobicity window that can be studied and renders the CCC technique particularly suitable for rapid analysis of complex samples. In this paper, EECCC was used to screen the crude ethanol extract of Zingiber cassumunar and to isolate milligram-amounts of bioactive components. The two column volume (2V(C)) EECCC method was applied to rapidly optimize the composition of the biphasic liquid system in both reversed- and normal-phase separation mode. With the n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 1/1/1/1 (v/v) system, 100mg of crude Z. cassumunar extract were fractionated on a 140 mL-capacity semi-preparative hydrodynamic CCC column and 0.5 g on a 1600 mL column for large-scale preparation. Satisfactory separation efficiency was achieved in both cases, producing milligram-amounts of four phenylbutenoids over 90% pure and of a mixture of diastereoisomers (phenylbutenoid dimers). However, the global throughputs of the two columns were 8 and 11 mg/h, not very different. This is due to the fact that the 1600 mL column could not retain the liquid stationary phase as well as the smaller 140 mL column. It was necessary to work at much lower flow rate than calculated. Methanol was added as a post-column clarifying reagent for stable continuous UV detection. A lipophilic biphasic liquid system composed of n-hexane/acetonitrile/water (5/3/2, v/v) allowed to resolve the pair of diastereoisomers with the larger preparative instrument producing 35 mg of the (+/-)-trans form 99.1% pure and 28 mg of the (+/-)-cis isomer 98.1% pure. Compared with classical elution, the EECCC approach exhibits strong separation efficiency and great potential to be a high-throughput separation technique in the case of complex samples.     

A total synthesis of OSW-1

A new and practical method was developed to synthesize OSW-1, a natural saponin with potent antitumor activities, from (+)-dehydroisoandrosterone, l-arabinose, and D-xylose on gram scale. The synthesis was achieved in 10 linear steps with an overall yield of 6.4% starting from (+)-dehydroisoandrosterone.     

Fluorescence enhancement effect for the determination of DNA with calcein-cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide system

A new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of DNA using the calcein as a fluorescent probe. In the presence of appropriate amounts of the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), the anionic dye calcein dimerizes. The weak fluorescence intensity of the dimer was enhanced by adding DNA at pH 6–7. The interaction between calcein–CTAB and DNA was studied on the basis of this behavior and a new method was developed for determining DNA. Under the optimal conditions, the enhanced fluorescence intensity was in proportion to the concentration of DNA in the range of 4.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 8.0 × 10⁻⁵ g L⁻¹ for fsDNA and thermally denatured ctDNA (4.5 × 10⁻⁶ to 9.0 × 10⁻⁵ g L⁻¹). The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.2 × 10⁻⁶ g L⁻¹, respectively. This method was used for determining the concentration of DNA in synthetic samples with satisfactory results.