模糊蕴涵算子及其构造(Ⅱ)--模糊蕴涵算子的伴随对及其圈乘算子

验证了15个有可能存在伴随对的模糊蕴涵算子的保存在交性质,结果表明它们都满足保存在交性质.求出了这15个模糊蕴涵算子的伴随对,得到了14个模糊蕴涵算子.给出了一种构造模糊蕴涵算子的方法,并求出了在这种构造方法下,由46个模糊蕴涵算子构造得到的模糊蕴涵算子及这46个模糊蕴涵算子的圈乘算子,共构造出89个模糊蕴涵算子.     

Expanding of Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol AcylTransferase (PDAT) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Multifunctional Biocatalyst with Broad Acyl Donor/Acceptor Selectivity

Triacylglycerols are considered one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuels. Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), responsible for the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis in the acyl-CoA-independent pathway, has attracted much attention by catalyzing membrane lipid transformation. However, due to lack of biochemical and enzymatic studies, PDAT has not carried forward in biocatalyst application. Here, the PDAT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The purified enzymes were studied using different acyl donors and acceptors by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. In addition of the preferred acyl donor of PE and PC, the results identified that ScPDAT was capable of using broad acyl donors such as PA, PS, PG, MGDG, DGDG, and acyl-CoA, and ScPDAT was more likely to use unsaturated acyl donors comparing 18:0/18:1 to 18:0/18:0 phospholipids. With regard to acyl acceptors, ScPDAT preferred 1,2 to 1,3-diacylglycerol (DAG), while 12:0/12:0 DAG was identified as the optimal acyl acceptor, followed by 18:1/18:1 and 18:1/16:0 DAG. Additionally, ScPDAT reveals esterification activity that can utilize methanol as acyl acceptor to generate fatty acid methyl esters. The results fully expand the enzymatic selectivity of ScPDAT and provide fundamental knowledge for synthesis of triacylglycerol-derived biofuels.

     

A Novel Method for Gas–Water Relative Permeability Measurement of Coal Using NMR Relaxation

Using the conventional volumetric method in unsteady-state relative permeability measurements for unconventional gas reservoirs, such as coal and gas shale, is a significant challenge because the movable water volume in coal or shale is too small to be detected. Moreover, the dead volume in the measurement system adds extra inaccuracy to the displaced water determination. In this study, a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer was introduced into a custom-built relative permeability measurement apparatus, and a new method was developed to accurately quantify the displaced water, avoiding the drawback of the dead volume. The changes of water in the coal matrix and cleats were monitored during the unsteady-state displacement experiments. Relative permeability curves for two Chinese anthracite and bituminous coals were obtained, matching the existing research results from the Chinese coalbed methane area. Moreover, the influences of confining pressure on the shape of the relative permeability curve were evaluated. Although uncertainties and limits exist, the NMR-based method is a practical and applicable method to evaluate the gas/water relative permeability of ultra-low permeability rocks.     

无孔转鼓螺旋离心机抱死事故原因分析与改造

简要介绍了用于三聚氰胺精制的无孔转鼓螺旋离心机的结构,分析了其内、外轴承法兰抱死的原因并采取了相应的修复及改造措施。无孔转鼓螺旋离心机检修完成后重新投入生产,至今未出现类似事故。     

胜利油田沾3区块油藏中Geobacillus菌的激活研究

利用16S rRNA克隆文库技术分析胜利油田沾3区块油藏样品的微生物群落结构,使用不同激活剂对沾3区块油藏样品进行内源微生物激活,对激活后样品进行乳化能力、产生表面活性物质能力评价及微生物群落结构分析,并开展物理模拟驱油实验。结果表明:沾3区块油藏样品中含有2%的Geobacillus,该菌是沾3区块油藏内源微生物中产生表面活性物质、发挥乳化功能的关键菌群;加入适宜的激活剂体系可以选择性激活该类细菌,使其成为优势菌;利用选择性激活Geobacillus的配方激活沾3区块油藏内源微生物,可以在水驱基础上提高原油采收率10.8%。     

原位十字板试验测得的软粘土灵敏度

收集了国内两个地区(上海和杭州湾)以及美国和日本一些地区软粘土的勘察数据,对原位十字板试验(FVT)和无侧限抗压强度试验(UCT)这两种试验所测得的灵敏度和强度进行了详细的对比与分析,并对重塑方式的影响进行了研究.发现这些地区普遍存在FVT试验得到的灵敏度要明显小于UCT试验结果,会严重低估软粘土的灵敏度;而原状土强度和重塑土强度均要大于UCT试验结果,重塑土强度尤其明显.其中重塑方式是一个重要影响因素.研究还发现FVT试验得到的重塑土强度、灵敏度与土的液性指数的相关性随着液性指数的增大而明显变差,与一些广泛使用的经验关系也差别较大.这些结果应该引起工程界的重视.     

Progress of pyrene-based organic semiconductor in organic field effect transistors

Thanks to the pure blue emitting, high planarity, electron rich and ease of chemical modification, pyrene has been thoroughly investigated for applications in organic electronics such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and organic solar cells (OSCs). Especially, great progresses have been made of pyrene-based organic semiconductors for OFETs in past decades. Due to the difference of molecular structure, pyrene-based organic semiconductors are divided into three categories, pyrene as terminal group, pyrene as center core and fused pyrene derivatives. This minireview gives a brief introduction of the structure-property relationship and application in OFETs about most of pyrene-based semiconducting materials since 2006, illustrating that pyrene is a good building block to construct semiconductors with superior transport property for OFETs. Finally, we provide a summary concerning the methodology to improve the transport property of the pyrene-based semiconducting materials as well as an outlook.     

集成Multisim电路仿真功能到LabVIEW的应用研究

为了更有效地在某装备随动测试系统中进行故障诊断仿真,详细介绍了应用LabVIEW中的Multisim tool工具包,从而有效地把Multisim tools的电路仿真功能集成到LabVIEW并和其虚拟仪器的功能结合到一起,且已经取得了良好的诊断效果。     

High-Pressure Experimental Studies on Geo-Liquids Using Synchrotron Radiation at the Advanced Photon Source

We review recent progress in studying silicate, carbonate, and metallic liquids of geo-logical and geophysical importance at high pressure and temperature, using the large-volume high-pressure devices ...     

注CO_2置换煤层CH_4试验研究

利用屯留矿和寺河矿圆柱体原煤试样,进行不同注入压力条件下注CO2置换CH4试验,研究分析了置换过程中气体的吸附特性及注入压力对CO2置换效果的影响,提出了低孔隙压力条件时具有更好的置换效果。研究结果表明,同等条件下,置换平衡后煤体吸附CO2气体能力远强于CH4;煤体中CH4体积比随注入压力的降低而减小,而CO2体积比则呈现相反趋势;在8MPa围压条件下,随着注入压力的升高,CH4产出率呈线性关系降低,CO2置换比呈指数关系减小,显示出在试验压力范围内,低压条件下的CO2置换效果更佳;同等条件时,相对于试验中的无烟煤,贫瘦煤置换效果更好。