连续束模式下β衰变研究的实验装置

为开展远离稳定线原子核的β衰变实验研究,我们研制了一套新的粒子注入和β探测装置.这套探测装置具有能量覆盖范围大、能量分辨好和工作稳定等特点.在束实验结果显示这套探测装置可以精确给出衰变母核和β电子之间的时间关系和位置关联信息,使我们可以在连续束工作模式下对衰变出射β电子进行准确的归属判定,大大减少了衰变谱的本底,确保了实验数据的精度,为我们在极低流强下开展衰变谱学的研究提供了一种可靠的方法.     

Analysis of total reaction cross sections for deuterons on 1p-shell-nuclei

This study aims to analyze the differential cross sections(DCSs) of elastic scattering and total reaction cross sections(TRCSs) of the loosely-bound deuteron projectile impinging on 1 p-shell nuclei, such as9 Be,12 C, and16 O, at incident energies ranging between10.6 and 171 MeV using the continuum discretized coupled channel(CDCC) method. By fitting the experimental data for the DCSs and TRCSs, energy-dependent renormalization factors for the real and imaginary parts of the nucleon-nucleus opticalmodel potentials deduced from the studies proposed by Koning and Delaroche(KD02) and by Watson, Singh, and Segel(WSS),are obtained. It is found that with the WSS potential, which was obtained specifically for 1 p-shell nuclei, the CDCC calculations can simultaneously reproduce both the DCSs and the TRCSs. The results show that it is important to choose appropriate optical potentials to describe deuteron-induced reactions.     

Seasonal variation and sources of low molecular weight organic acids in precipitation in the rural area of Anshun

Low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids are important and ubiquitous chemical constituents in the atmosphere. A comprehensive study of the chemical composition of precipitation was carried out from June 2007 to June 2008 at a rural site in Anshun, in the west of Guizhou Province, China. During this period, 118 rainwater samples were collected and the main LMW carboxylic acids were determined using ion chromatography. The average pH of rainwater was 4.89 which is a typical acidic value. The most abundant carboxylic acids were formic acid (volume weight mean concentration: 8.77 μmol L⁻¹) and acetic acid (6.90 μmol L⁻¹), followed by oxalic acid (2.05 μmol L⁻¹). The seasonal variation of concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of organic acids indicated that direct vegetation emissions were the main sources of the organic acids. Highest concentrations were observed in winter and were ascribed to the low winter rainfall and the contribution of other air pollution sources northeast of the study area. The ratio of formic and acetic acids in the precipitation ([F/A] _T ) was proposed as an indicator of pollution source. This suggested that the pollution resulted from direct emissions from natural or anthropogenic sources. Comparison with acid precipitation in other urban and rural areas in Guizhou showed that there was a decreasing contribution of LMW organic acids to free acidity and all anions in rainwater from urban to remote rural areas. Consequently, it is necessary to control emissions of organic acids to reduce the frequency of acid rain, especially in rural and remote areas.     

Study of the structure of unstable nuclei through the reaction experiments

Along with the development of the radioactive nuclear beam facility, the study of the structure of unstable nuclei has progressed rapidly over the last few decades. Due to the weakly binding property, the structure information of the unstable nuclei comes primarily from the scattering or reaction experiments. Therefore it would be very important to understand clearly the reaction mechanism involved in the experiment. We outlined here the major reaction mechanisms which are adequate to the study of unstable ...     

广西生态农业的模式与特点

生态农业是一种新兴的综合农业生产体系，本文分析广西生态农业的主要模式总结广西生态农业的主要特点。     

熵产生最小时不可逆Otto循环热机活塞运动最优路径

给定循环总时间和耗油量的情况下,以存在传热、摩擦等内、外不可逆性的Otto循环热机为研究对象,考虑工质与环境之间的传热分别服从牛顿传热规律q∝Δ（T）和线性唯象传热规律q∝Δ（T-1）,以循环熵产生最小为目标对整个循环活塞运动的最优路径进行了研究.利用最优控制理论得出了两种传热规律下无加速度约束和限制加速度时对应于循环最小熵产生时各冲程活塞最优运动规律及循环总时间的最优分配.限制加速度时各个冲程的活塞运动最优构型均由三段组成,均包含了一个初始最大加速段和一个末端最大加速段.给出了最优构型的数值算例,并与牛顿传热规律和线性唯象传热规律时最大输出功条件下的最优构型进行了比较.计算结果表明优化活塞运动规律后可使热机熵产生减小30%以上,这主要是通过减少功率冲程初始段传热损失引起的熵产生实现的.     

Compass导航信号性能评估研究

卫星导航信号体制决定了导航系统的先天性能,是系统设计和升级过程中必须考虑的关键因素之一.本文提出了卫星导航信号体制的性能评估方法,并评估了Compass信号的性能.该评估方法包含了精度、抗干扰、抗多径、兼容性四个方面的内容,分别采用了Gabor带宽、解调抗窄带/匹配谱干扰品质因数、跟踪抗窄带/匹配谱干扰品质因数、多径误差包络、连续平均多径误差包络、谱分离系数、谱安全指数等指标来刻画这些方面的性能.基于我国对外公布的最新信号体制框架,将Compass信号体制和GPS,Galileo信号体制进行对比分析.分析结果表明：对于民用信号,Compass的性能最佳;对于特殊用户,Compass的精度、抗多径能力和GPS,Galileo相当,但抗干扰能力低于GPS和Galileo.这意味着Compass系统在未来的特殊条件下处于劣势.最后,给出了信号体制优化的建议.