Examination of the different procedural steps in the determination of organotin compounds in water samples

Previous animal experiments suggested that the Magos cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopic (CVAAS) method might overestimate the concentrations of inorganic mercury (I-Hg) in the presence of methylmercury (MeHg). In the present study it is shown that this error is due to a fast degradation of MeHg during the formation of the analytical signal. For brain samples, about 5% of the total amount of MeHg in the reaction vessel is degraded to I-Hg. Speciation of Hg in aqueous solution of MeHg chloride, after purification with ionexchange chromatography using the Magos method, showed that about 9% was I-Hg. Analysis by NMR of MeHg chloride and MeHg hydroxide showed that less than 1% was in the form of I-Hg. The absolute magnitude of the error in the CVAAS method is dependent on the amounts of SnCl₂ and MeHg in the reaction vessel; however, the ratio of I-Hg to total (T-Hg) is shown to be independent of the amount of MeHg (25.5–255 ng as Hg) in the reaction vessel. A procedure for corrections is proposed, based on the results from these studies and empirical data from speciation analyses of brain tissue from MeHg-exposed rats and rabbits.     

Triterpenoids from Abies species

From an acid fraction of an ethereal extract of Siberian fir needles two new stereoisomeric acids, the molecules of which have a modified lanostane carbon skeleton, have been isolated in the form of methyl esters. The structures of the molecules of these substances have been established by the use of¹³C and¹H NMR,¹H-¹H and¹³C-¹H two-dimensional NMR spectra, circular dichroism, and chemical transformations as (24Z)- and (24E)-8(14 13)-abeo-17,13-friedo-lanosta-8,14(30),24-triene-3,23-dion-26-oic acids.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 511–517, July–August, 1991.     

Catalytic decomposition of ozone over cupric oxide catalysts

Kinetic regularities of the catalytic decomposition of ozone over IC-12-1 and ICT-12-9 cupric oxide catalysts in wetted gases have been studied. These catalysts are suggested to be effective for ozone decomposition.

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-12-1 -12-9 . .

     

Triterpene glycosides ofAstragalus and their genins. XLVII. Structures of cycloalpigenin A and cycloalpioside A

The structures of two new cycloartane triterpenoids, cycloalpigenin A and cycloalpioside A, isolated from Astragalus alopecurus Pall. (Leguminosae) have been established on the basis of chemical transformations together with¹H,¹³C, and 2D¹H-¹H and¹H-¹³C chemical shift correlation NMR spectroscopy and IR, mass, and CD spectra. Cycloalpigenin A is 3,16,25-trihydroxy-20R,24S-epoxycycloartan-12-one, and cycloalpioside A is cycloalpigenin A 3-O--D-xylopyranoside.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 379–385, May–June, 1994.     

A theory of glass electrode response

Summary The response of glass electrodes to rapid changes in ion concentrations is considered from a theoretieal viewpoint. An expression is derived which describes the potential vs. time behavior of glass eleotrodes in terms of a new constant which may be useful in the characterization and selection of glass compositions. Agreement between glass electrode response predicted by the theory and available experimental data is excellent.

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Zusammenfassung Die Ansprechbarkeit von Glaselektroden auf rasche Änderungen der Ionenkonzentration wird vom theoretischen Standpunkt aus erörtert. Eine Gleichung wird abgeleitet, die das Elektrodenpotential als Funktion der Zeit erfaßt und eine neue Konstante enthält, die zur Beurteilung und zur Auswahl der Zusammensetzung von Gläsern dienen kann. Es besteht eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung zwischen theoretisch vorausgesagter und experimentell geprüfter Ansprechbarkeit von Glaselektroden.

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The financial support of NIH Grant GM-10086-03 and NSF Grant GP-1093 is gratefully acknowledged.

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Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow.     

Distribution of the iron(III)-ethyl acetoacetate complex between aqueous solution and benzene

Summary Studies have been made on the distribution of iron(III)-ethyl acetoacetate complex between aqueous solution and benzene. Effect of pH, concentration of ethyl acetoacetate and shaking conditions were chosen as experimental parameters. Iron(III) can be well extracted from aqueous solution of pH 4.4–9.8 into benzene with constant extractability (97%), if the concentration of ethyl acetoacetate is kept in excess over that of iron(III). The applicability of the complex ( _max: 452 nm) to the spectrophotometric determination of iron is also discussed.

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Verteilung des Eisen(III)-Acetessigester-Komplexes zwischen wä\riger Lösung und Benzol

Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung der Verteilung wurden der pH-Wert, die Konzentration an Acetessigester und die Ausschüttelungsbedingungen variiert. Eisen(III) kann bei pH 4.4–9.8 mit Benzol mit einer konstanten Extrahierbarkeit von 97% ausgeschüttelt werden, wenn die Konzentration an Acetessigester größer ist als die an Eisen(III). Die Anwendbarkeit des Komplexes ( _max: 452 nm) zur spektralphotometrischen Eisenbestimmung wird diskutiert.

     

Investigations in the fie ld of substituted furanurona ldehydes steric directivity of the nitromethane condensation

Summary 1. The condensation of the anomeric methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-D-xylofuranosiduronaldehydes with nitromethane has been studied.2. It has been shown that the position of the substituent at the glycosidic center has an influence on the steric directivity of this reaction.3. The structure of the 6-nitro-6-deoxyhexofuranosides synthesized has been confirmed by their conversion into known derivatives of methyl D-glucofuranosides.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 8–12, January–February, 1972.     

Influence of the water molecule on cation-pi interaction: ab initio second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) calculations

The influence of introducing water molecules into a cation-pi complex on the interaction between the cation and the pi system was investigated using the MP2/6-311++G method to explore how a cation-pi complex changes in terms of both its geometry and its binding strength during the hydration. The calculation on the methylammonium-benzene complex showed that the cation-pi interaction is weakened by introducing H(2)O molecules into the system. For example, the optimized interaction distance between the cation and the benzene becomes longer and longer, the transferred charge between them becomes less and less, and the cation-pi binding strength becomes weaker and weaker as the water molecule is introduced one by one. Furthermore, the introduction of the third water molecule leads to a dramatic change in both the complex geometry and the binding energy, resulting in the destruction of the cation-pi interaction. The decomposition on the binding energy shows that the influence is mostly brought out through the electrostatic and induction interactions. This study also demonstrated that the basis set superposition error, thermal energy, and zero-point vibrational energy are significant and needed to be corrected for accurately predicting the binding strength in a hydrated cation-pi complex at the MP2/6-311++G level. Therefore, the results are helpful to better understand the role of water molecules in some biological processes involving cation-pi interactions.     

Microenvironmental differences amongst micelles of various shapes and structures

Micelles of different amphiphiles adopt different shapes and internal packing arrangements in water, depending on their chemical structures and the conditions of the medium. Two microenvironmental features, namely the polarity and the microviscosity that the aggregate offers to a solubilized molecule, have been monitored using extrinsic fluorescence probes. While the differences between micelles of spherical and rod-like shapes are not always distinct, stacked micelles and peptide micelles offer distinctly lower polarity and higher microviscosity to solubilizates than the others.     

ESR studies of free radicals formed during hydrogen and methane oxidation in contact with chalcopyrite

ESR studies have revealed that in the complex conjugated transformations of chalcopyrite under the effect of gasphase chain oxidation of methane and hydrogen, free radicals are formed. These radicals are sulfur-containing paramagnetic particles.

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