广西近海海上溢油应急预报系统开发与应用

为解决目前海上溢油漂移扩散计算复杂,不适用于应急处理业务化应用的弊端,通过数学模式,结合Windows可操作界面,构建广西近海海上溢油应急预报系统,并以钦州湾为例对系统进行应用。结果表明,涨潮、落潮时刻发生溢油时,油膜向茅尾海和钦州湾外湾方向漂移距离分别约为17.5 km和17.9 km。涨潮时刻发生溢油时,油膜扩散面积较落潮时小,扫海面积则先小后大。风对溢油漂移扩散结果有显著的影响,不同风向下的油膜漂移方向、影响区域有明显的区别。该系统具有方便、准确以及操作界面友好的特点,可为广西近海海上溢油事故防范、预警预测、应急处理、生态环境损害评估等提供科学依据。     

表面改性后的SiO2薄膜光学性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在酸碱复合催化条件下制备了Si O2溶胶,采用浸渍提拉法在K9玻璃上制备了性能稳定的Si O2薄膜,并用三甲基氯硅烷对Si O2薄膜进行了表面改性。用反射式椭圆偏振光谱仪测试薄膜的椭偏参数,并用Cauchy模型对椭偏参数进行数据拟合,获得了Si O2改性前后在300~700 nm波段的色散关系。讨论了薄膜改性与光学性能间的关系。结果表明:Cauchy模型能较好的描述溶胶-凝胶薄膜在300~650 nm波段的光学性能;表面改性后Si O2薄膜光学常数发生改变,但未影响色散关系的变化趋势;薄膜改性后具有随着膜层数的增加,折射率增加,而最大峰值透光率、孔隙率减小的规律,且薄膜改性后表面更加致密。     

微含水量电解液中高管径比TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备

通过阳极氧化法在微含水量为0.5wt%的NH4F/乙二醇/H2O酸性电解质体系中制备了管径大、高管径比的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米管阵列。采用SEM、XRD等测试手段对TiO2纳米管阵列形貌及晶相进行表征,探讨了不同氧化时间、电压对纳米管阵列形貌的影响,微含水量下氧化电压可以适当增加,更容易得到规整的长纳米管阵列;通过测定样品的光电流和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱,研究分析了含水量以及超声工艺对纳米管光吸收及光电流特性,微含水量下得到的纳米管阵列可见光吸收边红移至420nm,对480~700nm可见光有明显的光吸收,光电流显著增大;丙酮作为超声介质可有效去除纳米管阵列表面的集束,能进一步提高纳米管阵列的光电性能。     

不同基底对TiO2和SiO2薄膜的光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法分别在K9玻璃、单晶硅和石英玻璃基底上制备了纳米TiO₂和SiO₂薄膜。利用SEM、UV-Vis及反射式椭圆偏振光谱仪对薄膜的微观结构及光学特性进行了表征和分析。结果表明:3种基底中, 单晶硅基底上TiO₂和SiO₂薄膜折射率最大;在非晶态K9玻璃和石英玻璃基底上TiO₂薄膜折射率和透光率差异较大;SiO₂薄膜在非晶态基底上折射率、透光率相近;3种基底上薄膜的折射率和消光系数都有随波长增大而减小的趋势, 同时Cauchy模型能较好的描述单晶硅基底上两种薄膜在400~800 nm波段的光学性能。     

Experimental Solution of the Local Field Problem in Uniaxial Liquid Crystals†

A method of experimental determination of the Lorentz-factor tensor in uniaxial liquid crystals is suggested. The specific features of the local field tensor of the light wave in a nematic liquid crystal with low optical anisotropy have been investigated experimentally. Anisotropy of the local field and Lorentz-factor tensors has been found to decrease with the decreasing optical and molecular-optical anisotropies. These results appear to contradict the existing polarization theories of liquid crystals. The local field problem in cholesteric liquid crystals has been considered. A new approach to the local field problem in uniaxial liquid crystals with arbitrary optical anisotropy is developed and the experimental results are explained.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Isosteviol Derivatives

Isosteviol (ent-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid, I) is a tetracyclic diterpenoid with a beyerane skeleton obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside.1 Several tetracyclic diterpenoids, specially the kaurenes, have important biological activities. Recent studies on the microbial transformation of isosteviol have revealed that it is metabolized by Cunninghamella bainieri, Actinoplanes sp., Mucor recurvatus, and Cunninghamella blackesleeana to yield five new metabolites.2 The hydroxylation pattern of these bioactive compounds may influence their binding on to the receptors, as was proposed for the Rabdosia diterpenoids. Therefore, the introduction of hydroxyl groups or unsaturated bonds in saturated and non-hydroxylated diterpenoids, like isosteviol, may enhance existing properties or lead to new biological activities. Although some beyeranes have been subjected to biotransformations by fungi,4 there are few report in the literature related the chemical transformation of Isosteviol. In the present study, we try to develop the chemical transformation of isosteviol and other beyeranes in order to obtaining some bioactive compounds with beyerane skeleton. Seven isosteviol derivatives, Ⅱ-Ⅷ, were therefore synthesized and characterized. The X-ray crystal strcture of H(R = H) was also determined.     

从平衡态到混沌的教学尝试

以热运动及其规律的研究为主线,介绍从平衡态热力学到混沌理论及相关的现代物理学基础研究的前沿学科和应用成果,实践证明这一教学模式达到预期的教学要求.     

Cr5Mo／A302异质焊头时效过程中的组织结构变化

利用光学显微镜对ＣｒＭｏ／Ａ３０２异质焊头在高温时效过程中的组织结构变化进行了研究。结果表明珠江体钢／奥氏体钢划质焊头中γ－Ｆｅ与α－Ｆｅ在熔合区有结晶相适应的结晶条件；增碳层与时效时间呈抛物线关系；时效中熔合区附近碳化物转变基本遵循Ｍ７Ｃ３→Ｍ２３Ｃ６→Ｍ６Ｃ；增碳层中析出碳化物与奥氏体基体保持共格关系。     

近十年我国体育保险发展现状及对策

在我国,体育保险作为起步较晚的产业之一,近几年才逐渐展露身影,在一定程度上为推动我国体育事业的繁荣做出了贡献.通过本文对我国近十年体育保险发展状况的分析,能够更好的了解我国体育保险的发展现状,为有效发展我国体育保险业提供客观的科学理论依据,为繁荣我国体育保险市场提出合理的方法与建议.     

大体积混凝土裂缝成因及预防措施

混凝土在浇筑过程中出现裂缝是极其普遍的现象,然而大体积混凝出现裂缝更为普遍。施工中混凝土出现裂缝,会影响到建筑物的整体性和耐久性,本文对混凝土施工裂缝产生的原因和预防裂缝的措施等进行阐述。