从苦豆子中分离纯化苦参碱和槐定碱的工艺研究

运用稀酸水法从苦豆子种子中提取生物碱,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶30,pH 1.5,提取时间5h。使用大孔树脂吸附法对提取的生物碱进行纯化,考察了SP850、SP825、SP700、SP207、AB-8等5种树脂的吸附效果,其中SP850型树脂吸附量和解析量均最大,分别为27.4mg/mL和20.4mg/mL。测定了体积分数为50%、60%、70%的乙醇洗脱效果,确定了60%乙醇为最佳洗脱浓度,洗脱体积为6倍柱体积。经氯仿萃取和旋转蒸发,得到纯度达83.5%的生物碱粗产品。运用硅胶柱层析技术从生物碱粗品中分离生物碱单体,考察了氯仿-甲醇-氨水系统,正己烷-乙醇-氨水系统,丙酮-甲醇-氨水系统在硅胶薄层色谱上对生物碱的分离效果,确定以V_正己烷∶V_乙醇∶V_氨水=8∶2∶0.1作为流动相。收集洗脱液,经过结晶和重结晶,得到苦参碱和槐定碱晶体。经检测,苦参碱纯度为98.3%,槐定碱纯度达96.8%。     

基于弹性模量缩减法研究结构体系可靠度

针对现有体系可靠度理论的两大难点,基于塑性极限分析理论研究建立了体系可靠度分析的弹性模量缩减法:首先以单元的可靠指标为控制参数,定义结构的可靠指标均匀度和基准可靠指标,并建立新型的弹性模量调整策略;进而通过系统地缩减各单元的弹性模量,以模拟结构的可靠指标重分布和失效状态转移,通过一系列弹性有限元迭代分析确定结构体系的失效概率.该方法从根本上回避了现有体系可靠度理论的两大难点,避免了繁琐的失效模式分析和多模式联合失效概率的相关性分析.算例分析表明,该方法不仅适用于静定结构,而且适用于超静定结构,计算格式简单,计算精度较高.     

乳状液膜分离——电破乳技术实验研究

针对乳状液膜分离技术中重要环节—破乳,比较旋流、脉冲高压静电破乳与脉冲高压静电破乳技术原理。试验结果表明,旋流、脉冲高压静电破乳技术比脉冲高压静电破乳技术的效率要高。     

用“干燥器法”测定固体比表面积

本文报导了一种测定固体比表面积的简易方法.即采用干燥器等简易设备,以乙醇蒸气作为吸附质进行静态的吸附的方法,其测定结果与气相色谱法测定结果比较,相对误差不超过5%.     

钛酸锂作负极锂离子电池体系研究

研究了以Li4Ti5O12为负极,分别以LiCo0.5Ni0.5Mn0.5O2,LiMn2O4或LiFePO4为正极的锂电池体系. 先筛选不同厂家的正负极材料,然后再匹配成电池做循环性能研究. 测试表明,经筛选的LiCo0.5Ni0.5Mn0.5O2,LiMn2O4与LiFePO4三种材料分别与Li4Ti5O12组成电池的初始容量分别为963、931、960 mAh;500次充放电循环后容量保持率分别为96.56%、87.69%、98.1%. 其中LiCo0.5Ni0.5Mn0.5O2体系的初始容量最高,LiFePO4体系的循环性能最好. 3种不同正极材料的钛酸锂锂离子电池在85 ℃环境下搁置4 h,电池形变少于5%.     

Mg+x% Mm(NiCoMnAl)5复合储氢材料吸放氢性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备了Mg x%Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5(x=10、20、30和40)纳米晶和非晶混合结构的复合储氢材料,并对其结构和吸放氢性能进行了研究．XRD结果表明,Mg与Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5球磨200h后有Mg_2Ni和La_2Mg_(17)相生成．吸氢动力学研究发现,在423K和3．4 MPa下,随着x增大,吸氢速率和最大吸氢量都出现了先增大后减小的趋势．当x=20时,复合材料的吸氢性能达到最佳,其最大吸氢速率达到0．45%/s,50s内即可吸氢3．6%．热重分析结果表明,Mg的氢化物相放氢温度降低到259℃(x=40)．     

Nanotechnology for diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: Evolution towards theranostic approaches

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA),as a chronic autoimmune disease,damages the bone and cartilage of patients,and even leads to disability.Therefore,the diagnosis and treatment of RA is particularly important.However,due to the complexity of RA,it is difficult to make effective early diagnosis of RA,which is detrimental to RA treatment.Besides,long-term intake of anti-RA drugs can also cause damage to patients' organs.The emergence of nanotechnology provides the new train of thoughts for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.And the combination of diagnosis and therapy is an ideal method to solve the problem of disease management of RA patients.In this review,we summarize the mechanism and microenvironment of RA,discuss the commonly used diagnostic techniques and therapeutic drugs for RA,and review their advantages and disadvantages.New nanotherapy strategies such as drug-carrying nanoparticles,PTT,PDT are listed,and their applications in RA treatment are also summarized.In addition,multimodal imaging,combined therapy and responsive diagnosis and treatment are also summarized as important contents.At last,we also review typical nanocarriers that can be used in the integration of diagnosis and therapy,and discussed their potential applications in RA theranostics.     

The Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mesona Chinensis Benth Extracts

In this study, the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of Mesona Chinensis Benth (MCB) extracts were evaluated. Seven fractions (F0, F10, F20, F30, F40, F50 and MTF) were obtained from the MCB ethanol extracts. Compared to the commercial antioxidants (vitamin C), MTF and F30 exhibited higher antioxidant activities in the antiradical activity test and the FRAP assay. The half-inhibition concentration (IC50) for MTF and F30 were 5.323 µg/mL and 5.278 µg/mL, respectively. MTF at 200 µg/mL significantly decreased the accumulation of TG in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells and reversed the inhibitory effect of Compound C on AMPK (MTF and F30 significantly increased the glucose utilization of insulin-induced HepG2 cells). In addition, the components of MTF were identified by HPLC-MS, which were caffeic acid, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, isoquercetin, astragalin, rosmarinic acid, aromadendrin-3-O-rutinoside, rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside. Through statistical correlations by Simca P software, it was found that the main antioxidant and hypolipidemic components of MCB might be caffeic acid, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside and aromadendrin-3-O-rutinoside, which may play important roles in the AMPK pathway. MTF and F30 in MCB could be potential health products for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.     

Facile Synthesis of Porous Ag Crystals as SERS Sensor for Detection of Five Methamphetamine Analogs

Porous noble metal nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their high specific surface area and surface plasmon resonance effect. However, it is difficult to form porous structures due to the high mobility and low reduction potential of noble metal precursors. In this article, we developed a facile method for preparing porous Ag with a controllable structure at room temperature. Two kinds of Ag crystals with different porous structures were successfully prepared by using AgCl cubes as sacrificial templates. Through the galvanic replacement reaction of Zn and AgCl, Ag crystals with a sponge-like porous structure were successfully prepared. Additionally, using NaBH₄ as the reducing agent, we prepared granular porous Ag cubes by optimizing the amount of reducing agent. Both the sponge-like and granular porous Ag cubes have clean and accessible surfaces. In addition, we used the prepared two porous Ag cubes as substrate materials for SERS detection of five kinds of methamphetamine analogs. The experimental results show that the enhancement effect of granular porous Ag is better than that of sponge-like porous Ag. Furthermore, we probed the hot spot distribution of granular porous Ag by Raman mapping. By using granular porous Ag as the substrate material, we have achieved trace detection of 5 kinds of methamphetamine analogs including Ephedrine, Amphetamine, N-Methyl-1-(benzofuran-5-yl)propan-2-amine (5-MAPB), N-Methyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine (PMMA) and N-Methyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-amine (4-FMA). Furthermore, to achieve qualitative differentiation of analogs with similar structures we performed density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations on the Raman spectra of the above analogs. The DFT calculations provided the vibrational frequencies, Raman activities, and normal mode assignment for each analog, enabling the qualitative differentiation of the above analogs.     

基于反向传播神经网络的阻抗断层图像重建新方法

电阻抗成像是通过对物体表面电压、电流的测量来重建物体内部阻抗分布或变化图像的一种新颖计算机断层成像技术。阻抗断层图像重建是一种病态的、非线性的逆问题。提出了一种全新的阻抗断层图像重建方法，它利用反向传播神经网络来表征物体内部阻抗变化位置与物体表面电压变化大小的非线性映射关系，从而可以根据对物体表面测量电压的变化先准确定位阻抗变化区域，再用线性近似方法重建阻抗变化图像，这种方法不仅具有一定的抗噪能力，而且成像精度和空间分辨率都大大好于逆投影方法。