全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14631篇 |
免费 | 1723篇 |
国内免费 | 1515篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6998篇 |
晶体学 | 146篇 |
力学 | 431篇 |
综合类 | 110篇 |
数学 | 1125篇 |
物理学 | 3546篇 |
综合类 | 5513篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 51篇 |
2023年 | 204篇 |
2022年 | 396篇 |
2021年 | 434篇 |
2020年 | 403篇 |
2019年 | 465篇 |
2018年 | 352篇 |
2017年 | 361篇 |
2016年 | 487篇 |
2015年 | 626篇 |
2014年 | 820篇 |
2013年 | 1001篇 |
2012年 | 1144篇 |
2011年 | 1177篇 |
2010年 | 966篇 |
2009年 | 998篇 |
2008年 | 1070篇 |
2007年 | 982篇 |
2006年 | 840篇 |
2005年 | 702篇 |
2004年 | 568篇 |
2003年 | 418篇 |
2002年 | 403篇 |
2001年 | 348篇 |
2000年 | 285篇 |
1999年 | 365篇 |
1998年 | 300篇 |
1997年 | 233篇 |
1996年 | 241篇 |
1995年 | 215篇 |
1994年 | 185篇 |
1993年 | 147篇 |
1992年 | 155篇 |
1991年 | 129篇 |
1990年 | 103篇 |
1989年 | 83篇 |
1988年 | 59篇 |
1987年 | 52篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
81.
评述了近几年来电化学检测在流动注射分析中的应用,展望了流动注射电化学分析法的发展动向。 相似文献
82.
A novel capsule composed of an azo dye, Congo red (CR), and different polymers, including poly(styrenesulfonate, sodium salt) (PSS), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), have been successfully fabricated by the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The stepwise linear deposition process was monitored by means of UV-visible absorption measurements. The formation of hollow capsules was verified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM). The resulting hollow PSS/PAH/CR/PDDA capsules displayed a sensitive response to visible light. Optical changes of the hollow capsules prior to and after the photoreaction were investigated in detail by means of UV-visible spectroscopy, CLSM, and SFM. It was found that the photochemical reaction of the assembled hollow capsules depends strongly on the matrix. Qualitative results on the permeability of the hollow capsule walls with CR as one component indicate that the permeability of the walls can be easily photo-controlled at varying irradiation time intervals without addition of external chemicals. 相似文献
83.
Interactions of hemoglobin with lecithin liposomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, the interaction of hemoglobin (Hb) with lecithin liposomes is studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption of Hb on liposomes is likely to be related to the hydrophobic interaction between Hb and liposomes, which brings about the increase of the microenvironmental polarity (I
1/I
3) and the decrease of the fluorescence polarization (P) of lecithin liposomes. These results are considered to be that the adsorption of Hb on liposomes makes the spaces between the lecithin molecules increase, and a temporary gap is consequently formed in the liposomal bilayer membranes. The leakage of aqueous-space marker from the liposomes is increased with the addition of Hb. 相似文献
84.
We report herein an efficient catalytic epoxidation reaction for the synthesis of epoxyketone (tert-butyl ((S)-4-methyl-1-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-1-oxopentan-2-yl)carbamate), which is an important synthetic intermediate of carfilzomib. 相似文献
85.
The interactions of nucleic acids and cationic surfactants (cetylpyridine bromide (CPB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB)) in aqueous solution have been studied using the techniques of resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, the absorption spectroscopy, zeta potential assay and NMR assignment measurement. It is considered that CPB or CTMAB can assemble on the surface of nucleic acid via electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, which results in the formation of large associate of nucleic acid-cationic surfactant and RLS enhancement of nucleic acid. Besides these forces, the pi-pi stacking force between CPB and nucleic acid also exists in the associate. In comparison with CTMAB, CPB has larger enhancement on RLS of nucleic acid, which is attributed to that the enhancement of the former is only due to the absorption of the bases of nucleic acid, while the enhancement of the latter is own to the synergetic resonance caused by the absorption of both bases of nucleic acid and the pyridyl in CPB. These results have important implication for understanding the influence of surfactants on nucleic acid functionality in life science. 相似文献
86.
87.
Study on the Phase Diagram of CsCl-CeCl3-HCl(11%)-H2O System and the Properties of the Compounds 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The equilibrium solubility of CsCl-CeCl3-HCl(11%)-H2O qua-ternary system at 25℃ has been determined by the physicchemical analysis method ,and the phase diagram was plotted, Two new double salts 3CsCl.CeCl3.3H2O and CsCl.CeCl3.4H2O obtained from the complicated system were identified and characterized by XRD,TG-DTA ,DSC,UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, Studies on the fluorescence excitation and emission show that 3CsCl.CeCl3.3H2O and CsCl.CeCl3.4H2O have upconversion luminescence of infrared-visible range,and the upconversion emission intensity increases with the increase of ratio of CeCl3 in CsCl. 相似文献
88.
By using laser ablation of the mixtures of a transition metal (M: Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag) plus lead, M/Pb binary cluster anions were observed except for Zn, and the number of transition metal atoms contained in the binary clusters is at most 4. This behavior is different from that reported previously for M/Ge binary clusters. The experiments indicate that it is also very difficult to form Al/Pb clusters. The distribution patterns of M/Pb binary alloy cluster anions are remarkably similar to those of pure Pb clusters, consistent with a formation mechanism in which transition metal atoms are sequentially attached to [M(x-1)Pb(y)](-) clusters and thus form [M(x)Pb(y)](-) clusters by a simple condensation process. As the number of transition metal atoms increases, the intensities of binary clusters gradually decrease. It is proposed that [MPb(4)](-) and [MPb(5)](-) cluster anions might be the unit building blocks of M/Pb binary cluster anions, and the layer packing sequences for magic clusters are predicted on this basis. The [M(x)Pb(y)](-) binary clusters containing 13 atoms (x + y = 13; x not equal 0) are proposed to have an icosahedral structure. 相似文献
89.
Lu Y Xiong H Jiang X Xia Y Prentiss M Whitesides GM 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(42):12724-12725
Asymmetric dimers consisting of gold microcrystals and spherical silica colloids have been fabricated by depositing thin films of gold onto the spherical colloids to form half-shells, followed by annealing at elevated temperatures. The capability and feasibility of this procedure have been demonstrated with silica and titania beads of 0.2-2 mum in diameter and gamma-Fe2O3/polystyrene@SiO2 core-shell particles 0.5 mum in size. The dimensions of gold microcrystals could be conveniently varied in the range of 100-650 nm by controlling the thickness of gold films and/or the diameter of the spherical colloids. This method provides another route to asymmetric dimers made of colloidal particles that could be different in size, chemical composition, surface functionality, density or sign of surface charge, bulk property, or a combination of these properties. 相似文献
90.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been successfully applied for the simple, rapid, and label-free assay of various biomolecules. This assay evaluates a novel wavelength modulation SPR biosensor for the detection of tetanus toxin. The wavelength modulation SPR biosensor is designed based on fixing the incident angle of light and measuring the reflected intensities in the resonance wavelength range spanning 400-800 nm simultaneously. Tetanus toxin (TeNT), one of the most potent toxins known, is synthesized as a 150 kDa single polypeptide chain. The SPR biosensor has been shown to be capable of directly detecting concentration of tetanus toxin as low as 0.028 Lf ml−1. Under selected experimental conditions, the SPR biosensor has a good reproducibility, sensitivity and reversibility. The results illustrate how wavelength modulation SPR biosensor can be used to detect biomolecular interactions. 相似文献