微型质子交换膜燃料电池

针对近期微能源领域对微型质子交换膜燃料电池的各种应用,特别是在移动电子产品中的应用研究日益受到重视,本文较为详细地介绍了各国、特别是美国、日本和欧洲等国家开展微型燃料电池研发的特点和趋势,并对微型质子交换膜燃料电池研发过程中存在的困难及商业化前景作了简要分析。     

Multi-Objective Optimization of Braun-Type Exothermic Reactor for Ammonia Synthesis

The exothermic reactor for ammonia synthesis is a primary device determining the performance of the energy storage system. The Braun-type ammonia synthesis reactor is used as the exothermic reactor to improve the heat release rate. Due to the entirely different usage scenarios and design objectives, its parameters need to be redesigned and optimized. Based on finite-time thermodynamics, a one-dimensional model is established to analyze the effects of inlet gas molar flow rate, hydrogen–nitrogen ratio, reactor length and inlet temperature on the total entropy generation rate and the total exothermic rate of the reactor. It’s found that the total exothermic rate mainly depends on the inlet molar flow rate. Furthermore, considering the minimum total entropy generation rate and maximum total exothermic rate, the NSGA-II algorithm is applied to optimize seven reactor parameters including the inlet molar flow rate, lengths and temperatures of the three reactors. Lastly, the optimized reactor is obtained from the Pareto front using three fuzzy decision methods and deviation index. Compared with the reference reactor, the total exothermic rate of the optimized reactor is improved by 12.6% while the total entropy generation rate is reduced by 3.4%. The results in this paper can provide some guidance for the optimal design and application of exothermic reactors in practical engineering.     

聚合物胶束型抗癌药物给药系统研究进展

综述了聚合物胶束的性质、制备、以及影响胶束性能的因素,对聚合物胶束在抗肿瘤药物药系统中的研究实例作了简要介绍。     

基于均匀化理论的页岩基质流固耦合尺度升级

页岩基质通常由微尺度的有机质和无机质组成,由于这两种介质的力学性质差异较大,且气体在两者中的赋存方式和流动机制均不相同,要准确刻画气体在页岩基质中的流固耦合过程,需针对两种介质建立不同的微尺度模型,但由于计算效率问题,微尺度模型无法直接用于宏观模拟.基于均匀化理论建立一种页岩基质流固耦合尺度升级方法,将微尺度上有机质和...     

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Three-Dimensional Vertically Aligned Graphene by Unidirectional Freezing Method

Three-dimensional vertically aligned graphene (3DVAG) was prepared by a unidirectional freezing method, and its electrochemical performances were evaluated as electrode materials for zinc−ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). The prepared 3DVAG has a vertically ordered channel structure with a diameter of about 20−30 μm and a length stretching about hundreds of microns. Compared with the random structure of reduced graphene oxide (3DrGO), the vertical structure of 3DVAG in a three−electrode system showed higher specific capacitance, faster ion diffusion, and better rate performance. The specific capacitance of 3DVAG reached 66.6 F·g⁻¹ and the rate performance reached 92.2%. The constructed 3DVAG zinc−ion hybrid supercapacitor also showed excellent electrochemical performance. It showed good capacitance retention up to 94.6% after 3000 cycles at the current density of 2 A·g⁻¹.     

Effect of Cu Ions on the Dipole Moments and Polarization of Strontium Barium Niobate Single Crystals

The crystal growth, the ferroelectric hysteresis loops, and the infrared reflectivity spectra of coppermodified strontium barium niobate (SBN) single crystals are reported. Compared with the undoped SBN crystals, the copper-modified crystals have stable hysteresis loops, the spontaneous polarization of which is about 0.30 C/m², but that of the undoped SBN crystals is only about 0.12 C/m². Their coercive field strength is all about 340 V/mm. The experimental results of the infrared spectra show that the infrared reflectivities vary as the orientations of the dipole moments owing to the copper-doping. The c-axis becomes the most stable orientation of the dipole moments, and the polarization will be locked and won't recede if the copper-modified crystals are polarized into monodomains.     

一个R2上含双曲函数核的Hilbert型不等式

通过引入参数,构造了一个全平面上的、含双曲函数的非齐次核函数。利用正切函数的有理分式展开,建立了最佳常数因子与正切函数高阶导数相关联的Hilbert型积分不等式。 作为应用,通过赋予参数不同的值,建立了一些有意义的特殊结果。     

阳离子交换皂石黏土在基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析中的应用

将一种人工合成的无机聚合物——蒙脱石皂石黏土（smectite,Sm）应用于基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS）,以检测糖类化合物。 将传统的有机基质2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮（trihydroxyacetophenone, THAP）与阳离子交换后的皂石黏土混合制备成新型复合基质,应用于糖类化合物的检测。通过比较不同的制样方法,测定不同分子直径的糖类化合物,发现由于受复合基质晶面间距的限制,只有小分子糖类化合物能进入晶面间隙充分接触有机基质并被离子化,从而实现对小分子糖类化合物的选择性检测。     

醇碱提取法提取黄芪多糖

采用醇碱提取法提取黄芪多糖, 通过单因素实验设计分别研究了提取溶剂pH值、 料液比、 提取时间、 提取温度和提取溶剂乙醇浓度5种因素对黄芪多糖提取率的影响, 利用紫外（可见）分光光度法和红外光谱法对醇碱提取法提取黄芪多糖的含量进行 检测, 计算黄芪多糖的提取率为19.15％, 分别是水提取法和碱提取法的3.53倍和2.63倍, 残渣中有效成分的残留量低于其他两种提取方法.     

一种基于不同粒度语言判断矩阵的群决策方法

针对基于不同粒度语言判断矩阵的群决策问题,提出了一种新的群决策分析方法.对有序语言短语集中的语言短语进行“量化”,通过变量转换关系将语言判断矩阵转换为互补判断矩阵,并进行了判断信息转换的一致性分析;采用OWA算子将每个决策者给出语言判断矩阵所对应的互补判断矩阵集结为群的偏好矩阵,并通过计算每个方案的优势度来确定最优方案;最后给出一个算例说明了所提出的方法的有效性与实用性.