Current air quality analytics and monitoring: A review

This review summarizes the different tools and concepts that are commonly applied in air quality monitoring. The monitoring of atmosphere is extremely important as the air quality is an important problem for large communities. Main requirements for analytical devices used for monitoring include a long period of autonomic operation and portability. These instruments, however, are often characterized by poor analytical performance. Monitoring networks are the most common tools used for monitoring, so large-scale monitoring programmes are summarized here. Biomonitoring, as a cheap and convenient alternative to traditional sample collection, is becoming more and more popular, although its main drawback is the lack of standard procedures. Telemonitoring is another approach to air monitoring, which offers some interesting opportunities, such as ease of coverage of large or remote areas, constituting a complementary approach to traditional strategies; however, it requires huge costs.     

Simultaneous determination of major components of Huangqi–Honghua extract in rat plasma using LC–MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the major components of Huangqi–Honghua extact in rat plasma, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), astragaloside IV (ASIV), calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d ‐glucoside (CAG), calycosin, calycosin‐3′‐O‐glucuronide (C‐3′‐G) and calycosin‐3′‐O‐sulfate (C‐3′‐S). After extraction by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on a Hypersil BDS C₁₈ column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source switched between negative and positive modes. HSYA was monitored in negative ionization mode from 0 to 4.9 min, and ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S were determined in positive ionization mode from 4.9 to 10 min. The lower limits of quantification of the analytes were 6.25 ng/mL for HSYA, 0.781 ng/mL for CAG and 1.56 ng/mL for ASIV and calycosin. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (RSD) values were within 13.43%, and accuracy (RE) ranged from ?8.75 to 9.92%. The validated method was then applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HSYA, ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S in rat after an oral administration of Huangqi–Honghua extract.     

大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向:孤独感的中介作用

为探讨大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向的关系,考察孤独感在大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向之间的中介作用。采用羞怯量表、UCLA孤独量表得分第三版和大学生手机成瘾倾向量表对在贵州省8所高校抽取的1 147名大学生进行调查。结果显示:大学生羞怯量表得分、孤独感量表与手机成瘾倾向量表得分显著正相关(r=0.27,r=0.29,均P<0.001),羞怯量表得分和孤独感量表得分显著正相关(r=0.49,均P<0.001);羞怯和孤独感均可显著正向预测大学生手机成瘾倾向(均P<0.001),孤独感在大学生羞怯与手机成瘾倾向之间的部分中介作用成立。     

塔东热液地质作用机制及对储层的改造意义

塔东地区断裂发育，早期发育的断裂与晚期断裂之间存在相互改造、叠加、复合的过程，深大断裂沟通多套地层，断裂活动期形成的挤压破碎带和断裂裂缝带作为岩浆热液上升通道，为热液溶蚀作用改造储层提供了有利条件，因此，识别出热液期次对塔东白云岩储层成因机制具有重要意义。通过对钻井岩芯、岩屑及岩石薄片、铸体薄片观察鉴定分析，在区内下古生界碳酸盐岩中识别和发现了钠长石化作用和自生羽毛状伊利石沉淀，也是塔里木盆地内的首次发现，并通过对包裹体均一温度，碳氧同位素等地化特征研究，揭示其成岩流体源于岩浆热液，丰富了区内热液作用的矿物学标志，进一步识别出区内存在3期热液作用，通过对3期热液作用的机制及其储渗空间意义的研究，总结出第I期热液作用对于储层形成意义不大，第Ⅱ期热液作用主要发育在局限的沉积环境，第Ⅲ期热液溶蚀形成溶蚀缝孔洞，与天然气运移聚集匹配良好，构成了区内天然气聚集成藏的主要储渗空间。     

焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层的光谱学分析及结焦机理研究

以焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层块为研究对象，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）和激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪（Raman）对结焦炭层的元素组成，以及各结焦炭层的矿物组成、组成结构和分子结构进行测试。分析从结焦炭层块外表面向内表面过渡的各结焦炭层的差异性，揭示焦炉上升管内壁结焦机理。结果表明焦炉上升管内粉尘中Fe，S和Cr极易催化荒煤气中蒽、萘等稠环芳烃化合物成炭，在焦炉上升管内壁形成炭颗粒沉积，为焦油凝结挂壁提供载体，在荒煤气温度降至结焦温度时易结焦积碳。结焦炭层均含有芳香层结构，随着结焦炭层从外表面向内表面过渡，各结焦炭层的面层间距(d₀₀₂)逐渐降低、层片直径(L_a)先降低后增加、层片堆砌高度(Lc)和芳香层数(N)先稳定后增加。结焦炭层石墨化过程是由结焦炭层内表面向外表面进行，主要包括其片层外缘的羧基和部分C-O结构的降解剥离，从而形成高度规整的共轭结构。结焦炭层块中C元素是以结晶碳与无定型碳的混合物形式存在。以上研究为解决焦炉上升管内壁结焦及腐蚀问题，提高换热器换热效率，有效回收焦炉荒煤气显热，降低焦化企业能耗提供实验基础和理论依据。     

提高无调中转比重 确保侯北枢纽畅通

侯马铁路北站担负着南同蒲、侯月、侯西线到发货物列车的改编和中转作业，随着南同蒲、侯月、侯西线不断增量，侯北站堵塞情况时有发生。强化调度指挥，优化运输组织，提高无调中转比重，对侯北枢纽畅通至关重要。     

含量子点的A-B环中的持续电流(PC)与环尺寸的关系

对处于磁场中的近藤体系的闭合点环系统，其基态性质用单一杂质安德森模型哈密顿量加以研究；该哈密顿量是用平均场理论Slave—Boson技术求解。结果表明：由磁场感应的电流与系统字称和环的尺寸大小有很大关系，通过理论研究得出一些新的结论并探讨了一些相关问题。     

Banach空间二阶非线性微分方程的弱Carathéodory解

本文定义了二阶微分方程的弱 Carathéodory解 ,在不涉及紧型条件的情形下 ,直接用迭代法证明了 Banach空间二阶非线性常微分方程两点边值问题存在唯一解 ,并给出逼近解迭代序列的误差估计 ,对周期边值问题得到类似的结果