半T_1~＊－型空间和半T_（1（1／2））－型空间及其关系

关于拓朴空间的半分离空间，已有半Ｔｉ，ｉ＝０，１，２，３，４，本文在文献［１］，［２］的基础上，提出半Ｔ１－空间和半Ｔ－型空间，并讨论了它们的某些性质及彼此之间的关系．     

酸雨腐蚀对大理岩单轴压缩特性的影响

采用室内模拟试验研究酸雨腐蚀对大理岩单轴压缩特性的影响.将大理岩岩样浸泡在封闭的模拟酸雨溶液中,在浸泡时间和温度相同的条件下,改变酸雨溶液的pH;在pH相同的条件下,改变酸雨溶液的温度.通过测定不同时间的酸雨溶液电导率、反应后浸泡溶液的钙离子浓度,分析pH和温度变化对大理岩与酸雨溶液之间化学反应的影响.将浸泡后的大理岩岩样进行单轴压缩试验,分析模拟酸雨对大理岩单轴抗压强度和破坏方式的影响.试验结果表明:在酸雨溶液中浸泡后,大理岩破坏时的脆性程度减弱;室温时,随着浸泡溶液的pH降低,大理岩和酸雨溶液反应更加充分,大理岩单轴抗压强度降低;但当温度为80℃时,大理岩单轴抗压强度随着pH的降低反而明显增大;随着酸雨溶液温度的增加,化学反应速度加快,反应达到稳定的时间缩短,短期内单轴抗压强度比室温时明显降低.     

β-淀粉样蛋白基元序列寡聚化及纤维化的功能研究

【目的】β-淀粉样蛋白形成的寡聚体是引起阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer disease,AD)发病的主要原因之一,研究β-淀粉样蛋白各段序列在寡聚和纤维化过程中的作用,以便更好地阐明该蛋白的寡聚机制和毒性作用。【方法】以C-端及N-端删节的6种β-淀粉样肽段作为研究对象,通过硫磺素T荧光检测、Tris-Tricine电泳、透射电镜等方法定性定量分析这些肽段的寡聚化和纤维化能力。【结果】1)氨基酸37~42具有增强Aβ寡聚化和纤维化的功能;2)氨基酸18~36对于寡聚和纤维化很重要,但不能缺少N-端的参与;3)Aβ1-17参与β-淀粉样蛋白长纤维的形成。【结论】β-淀粉样蛋白各段氨基酸序列对该蛋白寡聚和纤维化所贡献的不同作用,这对于β-淀粉样蛋白毒性机制的研究起到一定的帮助作用。
     

Biocompatible and pH‐responsive triblock copolymer mPEG‐b‐PCL‐b‐PDMAEMA: Synthesis,self‐assembly,and application

A series of well‐defined amphiphilic triblock copolymers [polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether]‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (mPEG‐b‐PCL‐b‐PDMAEMA or abbreviated as mPEG‐b‐PCL‐b‐PDMA) were prepared by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structures and compositions of these copolymers have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular weights of the triblock copolymers were obtained by calculating from ¹H NMR spectra and gel permeation chromatography measurements. Subsequently, the self‐assembly behavior of these copolymers was investigated by fluorescence probe method and transmission electron microscopy, which indicated that these amphiphilic triblock copolymers possess distinct pH‐dependent critical aggregation concentrations and can self‐assemble into micelles or vesicles in PBS buffer solution, depending on the length of PDMA in the copolymer. Agarose gel retardation assays demonstrated that these cationic nanoparticles can effectively condense plasmid DNA. Cell toxicity tests indicated that these triblock copolymers displayed lower cytotoxicity than that of branched polyethylenimine with molecular weight of 25 kDa. In addition, in vitro release of Naproxen from these nanoparticles in pH buffer solutions was conducted, demonstrating that higher PCL content would result in the higher drug loading content and lower release rate. These biodegradable and biocompatible cationic copolymers have potential applications in drug and gene delivery. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1079–1091, 2010     

Application of the Fourier transform in electronic speckle photography

In speckle photograph technology, to determine the displacement of the points on the surface of the measured body, the conventional method is to put the film which has recorded the speckle patterns before and after displacement into a system of optical Fourier transforms. After filtering on the spectrum plane, the experimentalist can obtain the displacement information from the interference pattern on the image plane. Instead of setting up a complex optical Fourier transform system, we consider the speckle field as a light intensity function of 2 dimensions, which will change with different positioning of the points. After working on the function's discrete Fourier transform (DFT), according to one of the properties of Fourier transformation, the displacement of the measured point is involved in the phase of its spectrum. Having extracted the displacement information from the phase, we obtain the distribution of the displacement field. In this paper, we deduce the expression for the displacement field by using Fourier transformation under conditions of both equal and unequal displacement and show their applications.     

Synthesis of block polyethers with various structures and their application in dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes

The block polyethers with different structure and composition were synthesized by anionic polymerization and used to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The block polyethers with the structure of branch or benzene ring had better dispersion ability than the commercial Pluronic block polyethers (L64 and F127). In order to compare the parameters, dispersion limit and efficiency of polyethers for SWNTs were defined. UV?Cvis?Cnear infrared absorbance spectra showed that eight-branch polyether AE82 had much larger dispersion limit and efficiency than five-branch AE52. BPE containing benzene rings in the molecule had a slightly lower dispersion limit but larger dispersion efficiency than AE82. The defect density of SWNTs dispersed in polyether aqueous solutions was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The polyethers AE83 and BEP with the structure of poly(ethylene oxide)?Cpoly(propylene oxide) dispersed less defective SWNTs than AE82 and BPE, indicating that the variation of polyether structure and composition could influence the defect density of SWNTs besides dispersion limit and efficiency.     

巯基功能化纤维素气凝胶材料的制备及其对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附

为了对制革废水中Cr(Ⅲ)进行有效处理,减少制革废水中Cr(Ⅲ)的含量,研究了巯基功能化纤维素气凝胶的吸附作用。首先,以脱脂棉为原料、NaOH/尿素/H₂O为溶剂、CS₂为改性剂,对纤维素分子中羟基进行功能化改性,经溶剂置换与冷冻干燥制备出巯基功能化纤维素气凝胶材料（CS₂-MCC）,通过单因素试验及正交试验确定最佳制备条件,并对材料的官能团结构与表面形貌等进行分析;其次,研究了CS₂-MCC对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附能力。结果表明：CS₂-MCC的最佳制备条件是CS₂用量为0.5 mL/g、硫酸镁用量为20 mL/g、改性时间为6 h、改性温度为40 ℃;CS₂-MCC对Cr(Ⅲ)的最大吸附容量为75.792 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,ΔG^θ＜0,表明CS₂-MCC对Cr(Ⅲ)吸附为自发进行的单分子层吸附及化学吸附;经处理后的Cr(Ⅲ)含量降至1.470mg/L,可达标排放。所制备的巯基功能化纤维素气凝胶材料三维网络丰富,吸附性能优异,克服了纤维素基吸附材料多呈现粉末难以循环利用和吸附选择性较差的缺点,可对制革废水中的Cr(Ⅲ)进行有效吸附。     

Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化乙烯气相直接氧化制乙酸:SiO2孔结构的影响

采用二三种不同孔结构的Si02制备了Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂,通过x射线衍射、N2物理吸附、吡啶吸附红外光谱以及H2脉冲化学吸附对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂上乙烯直接氧化制乙酸反应性能.结果表明,以孔径较大的粗孔硅胶为载体制备的Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂显示出最高的催化活性,乙酸收率为145.2g/(L·h).这是由于Pd在粗孔硅胶载体表面良好的分散使其具有较高的催化活性.     

新老混凝土的粘结机理和测试方法研究综述

就影响新老砼粘结性能的主要因素,新老砼结合面处理方法,修补材料的选择和应用,粘结剂的种类,新老砼粘结性能试验方法,新老砼粘结机理五个方面的问题进行了论述。依实际工程砼结构修补加固统计结果,指出实际砼修补量最大的是道路和桥梁,提出了关于道路、桥梁、汽车库、飞机场等交通设施,砼修补需进一步研究的问题。