Meet-Cloud for Secure and Accurate Distribution of Negative Messages in Vehicular Ad hoc Network

Keeping Vehicular Ad hoc Network(VANET) from attacks requires secure and efficient distribution of information about bad entities. Negative messages are pieces of information that define the negative attributes of vehicles. By formally defining the negative message, we observe that accuracy is essential for its efficient distribution. We formally define the coverage percentage and accurate coverage percentage to describe the availability and distribution efficiency of negative message. These two metrics can jointly evaluate the performance of a distribution method. To obtain both high coverage percentage and high accurate coverage percentage, we propose meet-cloud, a scheme based on meet-table and cloud computing to securely and accurately distribute negative messages in VANET. A meet-table in a Road Side Unit(RSU) records the vehicles it encounters. All meettables are sent to cloud service to aggregate a global meet-table. The algorithm for distributing and redistributing negative messages are designed. Security analysis shows that meet-cloud is secure against fake and holding on to negative message attacks. Simulations and analysis demonstrate that meet-cloud is secure under denial of service and fake meet-table attacks. The simulation results also justify that meet-cloud outperforms the RSU broadcast and epidemic model.     

SQL注入攻击与防范实验的设计与实现

介绍了SQL注入的原理、攻击和防范技术,并通过设计具体实验方案演示了SQL注入攻击与防范的全过程及细节。通过搭建存在SQL注入漏洞的Web网站并对其进行SQL注入攻击,观察被攻击的效果,进行漏洞修复。对漏洞修复后的系统进行攻击,并对比修复漏洞前后的现象,以此得出SQL注入漏洞的原理、产生原因、对应攻击原理及如何防范漏洞,加深对SQL注入的理解。     

Fabricating Dual-Atom Iron Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Heteroatom Modulator Approach

Understanding the thermal aggregation behavior of metal atoms is important for the synthesis of supported metal clusters. Here, derived from a metal–organic framework encapsulating a trinuclear Fe^III₂Fe^II complex (denoted as Fe₃) within the channels, a well-defined nitrogen-doped carbon layer is fabricated as an ideal support for stabilizing the generated iron nanoclusters. Atomic replacement of Fe^II by other metal(II) ions (e.g., Zn^II/Co^II) via synthesizing isostructural trinuclear-complex precursors (Fe₂Zn/Fe₂Co), namely the “heteroatom modulator approach”, is inhibiting the aggregation of Fe atoms toward nanoclusters with formation of a stable iron dimer in an optimal metal–nitrogen moiety, clearly identified by direct transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The supported iron dimer, serving as cooperative metal–metal site, acts as efficient oxygen evolution catalyst. Our findings offer an atomic insight to guide the future design of ultrasmall metal clusters bearing outstanding catalytic capabilities.     

多级孔板提高井筒气体携液能力实验研究

气井生产时，井底积液会影响气井产量，甚至导致气井停产。加入泡沫剂、更换小直径油管或氮气举升等措施排出井底积液是保证气井生产的重要手段，但造成液体回流的井筒结构并没有变化。改变适合于单相流体的均一井筒结构，降低气液两相流中液体在井筒的回流，提高气体携液能力，形成适用于气液两相流的井筒结构，可以改善气井生产。实验设计了安装于管筒内的类似于倒置漏斗形的多级孔板装置，以井底气体为动能，借助“爬楼梯”原理，利用孔板减少或阻止液体回流，使液体通过多级孔板逐级上升；实验利用气体压缩机提供气源，测试了不同气体流速下，加入孔板对于气体和泡沫携液能力的影响。实验表明，在管筒内加入液体回流限制装置，大幅度地提高了管筒的气体携液能力和排液效果，减少了管筒液体回流量，降低了气体排液和泡沫排液的气体流速临界值。多级孔板可用于气井增产，能够提高气体携液能力，提高泡沫携液效果，降低泡沫剂的使用量和井底残液，但在实际生产中气体流量和装置的匹配性，还有待于在现场试验中进一步验证和优化。     

轧制道次间插入冷却对特厚钢板组织与性能的影响

使用实验轧机旁冷却装置配合轧机进行轧制实验，研究轧制道次间不同冷却工艺对特厚钢板组织和性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:采用道次间冷却工艺可以在全厚度方向获得组织细化及强韧性提高效果，采用强冷道次间冷却实验钢1/4处晶粒尺寸可细化至10μm，强度为376MPa，-40℃冲击功为169J;心部晶粒尺寸可细化至15μm，强度为360MPa，-40℃冲击功为123J.本工艺可形成470μm厚表层细晶层，晶粒尺寸可细化至5μm;粗轧道次间插入冷却工艺轧制钢板强度和冲击韧性优于中间坯冷却工艺;随冷却强度增加，钢板内部组织明显细化且强度大幅提高.     

桉树杂交种与其亲本的近红外光谱判别

研究桉树控制授粉后目标性状的基因作用方式是探索其基因重组规律的重要内容。常规的数量统计分析精度往往不高,而DNA分析的专业要求高,且费时费力。该研究利用近红外光谱(NIRs)研究不同基因型桉树杂交种、亲本及杂交种与亲本间近红外光谱信息的关系,探索NIRs用于桉树杂交种与其亲本判别的可行性和准确性。以控制授粉的桉树亲本及其杂交F1代材料为对象,每种基因型从各自田间试验分别选取10个单株,采集树冠中上部新鲜健康叶片。用手持式近红外仪Phazir Rx(1624)采集桉树杂交种与其亲本叶片的NIRs信息。每单株选10片完全生理成熟的健康叶片,避开叶脉扫描其正面光谱5次,以50条NIRs信息的均值代表单个叶片的NIRs信息,最终每个基因型获得10条NIRs信息。对原始NIRs采用二阶多项式S.G一阶导数预处理。预处理后的NIRs用于多元统计分析,首先对桉树杂交亲本和子代样本进行主成分分析(PCA),直观展示不同基因型的分类情况。然后运用簇类独立软模式(SIMCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)两种有监督的判别模式验证NIRs用于桉树杂交种与其亲本树种的分类判别效果。PCA结果显示,不同的亲本间、杂交种间及杂交种与亲本间样本的主因子得分可以清晰地将各基因型分开。SIMCA模式判别分析中,桉树杂交种样本到亲本PCA模型的样本距离显示,待判别样本能够形成单独的聚类,且能直观反映两者的遗传相似。PLS-DA判别结果显示,桉树杂交亲本的PLS模型能通过预测其杂交子代的响应变量将其与亲本准确分开。结果表明,桉树叶片的NIRs信息可以准确地反映桉树杂交子代遗传信息的传递规律,NIRs判别模型可以准确地将各种基因型予以区分。因此,NIRs信息不仅可用于桉树杂交种和纯种的定性判别,还可以分析桉树基因重组过程中加性遗传效应的大小,从而为桉树遗传基础分析及其育种改良研究提供理论支撑。     

钩形弯交叉口信号协同控制优化方法研究

针对车辆在钩形弯交叉口与相邻常规交叉口间的整体运行特性，建立了各条车道的车辆平均延误计算模型。以各交叉口的周期时长和相位绿灯时间为约束，钩形弯交叉口与相邻常规交叉口间的车辆平均延误最小为目标，建立了信号协同配时方案。以位于苏州市高新区内有轨电车沿线的两个相邻交叉口为例，采用实际数据验证所建立的方法，并设置钩形弯渠化方案。将设置的钩形弯交叉口与其相邻常规交叉口的信号协同作为改进方法，在VISSIM软件中对比分析改进方案与现状方案的车辆延误指标。实验结果表明，钩形弯交叉口与相邻常规交叉口的信号协同优化方法可有效提高交叉口的通行能力，尤其是干道直行机动车的通行能力，可降低车辆的平均延误。     

Fe掺杂对BiTaO_4陶瓷样品介电和铁电特性的影响

为探究Fe掺杂对BiTaO4陶瓷样品介电特性和铁电特性的影响,采用传统固相烧结法制备了Bi Ta1-xFexO4-x(x=0,0.01,0.03)陶瓷样品,利用X线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对样品的晶体结构和表面形貌进行分析,利用精密阻抗分析仪和铁电分析仪对样品的介电性能和铁电性能进行检测.结果表明:Fe掺杂没有明显改变样品的晶体结构;随着Fe掺杂量的增加,样品的介电常数表现出较好的稳定性,介电损耗略有减小,且基本保持在tanδ=0.05以下,其漏电流先增大后减小,且掺杂样品均可得到比较完整的电滞回线.     

Simultaneous determination of cinnamaldehyde and its metabolite in rat tissues by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cinnamaldehyde (CA), an active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Cinnamomi, has a wide range of bioactivities. To clarify the distribution characteristics of CA, a selective and sensitive method utilizing gas chromatography–mass spetrometry was initially developed for simultaneously determining the concentration of CA and its metabolite cinnamyl alcohol in rat tissues. Selected ion masses of m/z 131, 105 and 92 were chosen, and separation of the analytes was performed on a DB‐5 ms (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm, thickness) capillary column by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The calibration curves demonstrated good linearity and reproducibility over the range of 20–2000 and 20–4000 ng/mL for various tissue samples. Recoveries ranged from 86.8 to 107.5%, while intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations were all <11.3%. The analysis method was successfully applied in tissue distribution studies for CA and cinnamyl alcohol. As CA and cinnamyl alcohol may inter‐convert to one another, simultaneous determination of both analytes provides a comparative and accurate data for tissue study. The concentrations of CA and cinnamyl alcohol remaining in spleen were the highest among the main organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain. In addition, there was no long‐term accumulation of CA in rat tissues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.