全文获取类型
收费全文 | 133294篇 |
免费 | 35010篇 |
国内免费 | 30381篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 51846篇 |
晶体学 | 1387篇 |
力学 | 5569篇 |
综合类 | 609篇 |
数学 | 10954篇 |
物理学 | 56804篇 |
综合类 | 71516篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 609篇 |
2023年 | 1102篇 |
2022年 | 1554篇 |
2021年 | 1708篇 |
2020年 | 2475篇 |
2019年 | 5359篇 |
2018年 | 5463篇 |
2017年 | 6543篇 |
2016年 | 6671篇 |
2015年 | 7115篇 |
2014年 | 7401篇 |
2013年 | 8741篇 |
2012年 | 8749篇 |
2011年 | 10188篇 |
2010年 | 13959篇 |
2009年 | 13667篇 |
2008年 | 7242篇 |
2007年 | 6702篇 |
2006年 | 5756篇 |
2005年 | 5708篇 |
2004年 | 6734篇 |
2003年 | 5219篇 |
2002年 | 4778篇 |
2001年 | 4659篇 |
2000年 | 3730篇 |
1999年 | 3386篇 |
1998年 | 2598篇 |
1997年 | 2397篇 |
1996年 | 2566篇 |
1995年 | 2983篇 |
1994年 | 3093篇 |
1993年 | 3278篇 |
1992年 | 2843篇 |
1991年 | 2524篇 |
1990年 | 2063篇 |
1989年 | 2109篇 |
1988年 | 2166篇 |
1987年 | 1325篇 |
1986年 | 1351篇 |
1985年 | 957篇 |
1984年 | 1012篇 |
1982年 | 907篇 |
1981年 | 741篇 |
1980年 | 783篇 |
1979年 | 543篇 |
1978年 | 534篇 |
1977年 | 634篇 |
1976年 | 1042篇 |
1973年 | 436篇 |
1972年 | 532篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 415 毫秒
41.
The γcmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS.
Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed
to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of
CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows
the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low
temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and
surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that
turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation
of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives
by increasing the contact between two reacting phases. 相似文献
42.
Ji-Dong Lou Chun-Ling Gao Li Li Zhi-Gang Fang 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2006,41(10):1071-1074
A new procedure for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones with potassium permanganate
supported on aluminum silicate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions and shaking is reported. 相似文献
43.
何雁 《江西科技师范学院学报》2003,(2):95-96
现代成人教育是社会发展的必然,成人学校的教育工作有一定的难度,特别是辅导员工作更是存在着高校和中学之间的衔接问题。本文以实际工作的经验教训为契机,探讨成人高校辅导员工作方法。 相似文献
44.
The possibility of realizing SASE Free Election Laser in x-ray waveband with EM-wave wiggler is studied in this paper. SASE effect including saturation length, saturation power and nonlinear process is explored through a 3-D simulation code. A utilization of seed light from laser plasma x-ray is also analyzed, which demonstrates the feature of shortening the interaction length for saturation. The results show that sizeable output power of x-ray laser would be generated with a middle energy electron beam. 相似文献
45.
46.
Padavattan Govindaswamy Patrick J. Carroll Yurij A. Mozharivskyj Mohan Rao Kollipara 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2006,118(4):319-326
The reaction of [{(η5-C5Me5)M(μ-Cl)Cl}2] {where M = Rh (1), Ir (2)} with functionalized phosphine viz., diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine (PPh2Py) in dichloromethane solvent yield neutral ϰ1-P-coordinated rhodium and iridium complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(κ1-P-PPh2Py)]3 and [(η5-C5Me5) IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4. Reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with the ligand PPh2Py in methanol under reflux give bis-substituted complexes such as [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)2]+
5 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)2]+
6, whereas stirring in methanol at room temperature gives P-, N-chelating complexes of the type [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+ 7 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+
8. Neutral ϰ1-P-coordinated complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]3 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4 easily undergo conversion to the cationic P-, N-chelating complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+
7 and [(η5-C5Me5) IrCl(ϰ2-P, N-PPh2Py)]+
8 on stirring in methanol at room temperature. These complexes are characterized by FT-IR and FT-NMR spectroscopy as well as
analytical methods. The molecular structures of the representative complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]3, [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4 and hexafluorophosphate salt of complex [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ2-P-PPh2Py)2]+
6 are established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods 相似文献
47.
China is a country with high seismieity. It is very important for industry and structure to fortify against earthquakes. In this paper the outline of seismicity in China, the criteria for fortification against earthquakes and the contents of seismic zonation map of China are described. The contents of seismic safety evaluation for major construction projects, such as large dams, large bridges, long distance pipe lines for transporting oil and natural gas, nuclear plants, petrochemical enterprises and so on, are presented. Some geological disasters caused by destructive earthquake, such as earthquake-caused collapse and landslide, liquefaction of saturated soll and earthquake fault and so on, are also presented. Preventive countermeasures for these disasters are discussed. 相似文献
48.
对处于磁场中的近藤体系的闭合点环系统,其基态性质用单一杂质安德森模型哈密顿量加以研究;该哈密顿量是用平均场理论Slave—Boson技术求解。结果表明:由磁场感应的电流与系统字称和环的尺寸大小有很大关系,通过理论研究得出一些新的结论并探讨了一些相关问题。 相似文献
49.
叙述了数据包络分析法 (DEA) 的思想、模型和应用步骤,总结了近20多年来DEA方法的发展、主要应用领域——DEA方法的主要研究成果,并对该领域的进一步研究提出了一些想法和展望。 相似文献
50.
中国保健品最大特点与优势是传统养生学与现代营养学及食品科学相结合,历史悠久,近年发展迅速。文章论述了中国保健食品的历史与现状,基本理论与技术内容,行政管理与市场监督,并对目前出现的一些问题及对策进行了讨论。 相似文献