Oxidation of methanol catalyzed by silica-supported polystannazane–copper complex

Silica-supported polystannazane–copper complex has been prepared and used as a catalyst for the oxidation of methanol. The results showed that the catalyst could catalyze the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde at a high yield and selectivity at 30°C and under 1 atm mild conditions. The N/Cu mole ratio in the complex, temperature and the amount of NaOH additive had much influence on the catalytic activity. The complex was stable during the reaction and could be used repeatedly.     

晶格失配对超晶格法向导热系数影响的分子动力学模拟

采用非平衡态分子动力学方法模拟了超晶格的法向导热系数随周期长度的变化关系.模拟结果表明,在晶格匹配的超晶格中,当周期长度同声子平均自由程相当时,超晶格导热系数将出现最小值.而对于具有4%晶格失配的超晶格模拟结果却表明,超晶格导热系数随周期长度的增大而单调上升.这一研究结果表明,材料的晶格失配是大多数实验研究中没有发现超晶格最小导热系数的主要原因.     

氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌的除藻作用

为了探讨氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌后对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻作用和降解微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)的作用,从太湖水体中分离获得一株属于芽孢杆菌属的溶藻菌,将其与氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化后,以普通Fe2O3作为实验对照,测定其溶藻作用和降解MC-LR作用.以激光粒度仪测定氧化铁纳米颗粒与溶藻菌两者单独和同时存在时的粒径大小及粒径分布,以获得氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌的证据.分析结果表明:在太湖水体中分离获得的一株芽孢杆菌具有较强的溶藻和降解MC-LR的作用,作用24 h后的溶藻率和MC-LR降解率分别达到44.3%和20.5%.同时加入氧化铁纳米颗粒后,溶藻率达到53.0%,MC-LR的降解率达到33.0%.激光粒度仪检测发现,氧化铁纳米颗粒与细菌混合后的颗粒物的平均直径增加到氧化铁纳米颗粒的12.3倍,同时氧化铁纳米颗粒和细菌单独存在时的粒径分布峰消失.氧化铁纳米颗粒是一种具有良好性能的生物固定化材料,可能通过其特有的途径有效地固定化溶藻菌,并增强溶藻菌的溶藻和降解藻毒素作用.     

直接冷却的高温超导磁体热稳定性有限元仿真

制冷机直接冷却超导磁体是一门新兴技术,研究超导磁体在直接冷却下的热稳定性具有重要意义。用有限元方法解决复杂边界问题的热力学问题非常有效,而有限元分析软件ANSYS能使得用有限元法解决问题更加方便。该文用有限元方法对直接冷却高温超导磁体进行了热稳定性数值仿真。仿真结果表明,在设定热负荷作用下,直接冷却的B i2223系高温超导磁体具有较好的热稳定性,磁体温度低于其临界温度。     

基于小波包分析的心磁信号消噪

心磁图(Magnetocardiography)是一种无创性记录和分析心脏电磁场的方法.由于心磁场强度极其弱小,必须使用超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)才能检测,其中心磁信号消噪处理十分重要.本文对心磁测量中的消噪进行了研究,在小波分析的基础上,提出使用小波包分析方法消噪,通过实验发现小波包分析消噪能获得很好的效果.     

基于在线神经网络的自适应控制器的设计与应用

针对线性控制系统自适应性较弱的缺点,在其基础上设计了一种基于在线神经网络的自适应控制器．该控制器根据被控对象和参考模型之间的误差调整网络权值,在线抵消被控对象的未建模动态特性和不确定因素．文中以某小卫星姿态控制系统为例,对所提出的自适应控制器进行设计和仿真．结果表明,神经网络以很高的精度跟踪和在线补偿不确定项,改善了线性控制系统的动态性能．     

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Three-Dimensional Vertically Aligned Graphene by Unidirectional Freezing Method

Three-dimensional vertically aligned graphene (3DVAG) was prepared by a unidirectional freezing method, and its electrochemical performances were evaluated as electrode materials for zinc−ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). The prepared 3DVAG has a vertically ordered channel structure with a diameter of about 20−30 μm and a length stretching about hundreds of microns. Compared with the random structure of reduced graphene oxide (3DrGO), the vertical structure of 3DVAG in a three−electrode system showed higher specific capacitance, faster ion diffusion, and better rate performance. The specific capacitance of 3DVAG reached 66.6 F·g⁻¹ and the rate performance reached 92.2%. The constructed 3DVAG zinc−ion hybrid supercapacitor also showed excellent electrochemical performance. It showed good capacitance retention up to 94.6% after 3000 cycles at the current density of 2 A·g⁻¹.     

Self-Compacting Alkali-Activated Materials: Progress and Perspectives

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are considered to be alternative cementitious materials for civil infrastructures. Nowadays, efforts have been made in developing AAMs with self-compacting ability. The obtained self-compacting AAMs (SCAAMs) accomplish superior passing and filling properties as well as excellent mechanical and environmental advantages. This work critically revisits recent progresses in SCAAMs including mixture proportions, fresh properties, mechanical strength, microstructure, acid and sulfate resistance, high temperature behaviors, impact resistance and interface shear strength. To facilitate direct comparison and interpretation of data from different publications, mixture proportions were normalized in terms of the content of key reactive components from precursors and activators, and correlation with mechanical behaviors was made. Moreover, special attention was paid to current research challenges and perspectives to promote further investigation and field application of SCAAMs as advanced construction material.     

贵金属纳米材料的液相合成及其表面等离子体共振性质应用

金属中的表面等离子体共振是描述其导带电子在电磁场作用下集体振荡的一个物理概念。金属纳米颗粒由于其表面等离子体共振性质表现出独特的光学应用。本文在相关研究的基础上,综述了具备表面等离子体共振性质的不同形貌及多种复合结构的贵金属纳米材料的制备和应用,并对其发展及应用前景进行了展望。     

吸管法和比重计法测定土壤机械组成的比对研究

土壤机械组成是土壤的基本属性,也是第三次全国土壤普查(“三普”)的重要指标。参照“三普”规定的测定土壤机械组成的吸管法和比重计法的分析规范对来自河南封丘、江西鹰潭和新疆乌鲁木齐等地区的3种土壤试样进行分析,讨论平行测定的精密度和测定过程中的关键点,进而对两种测定方法进行评价。结果表明,吸管法和比重计法的分析过程中存在一些影响分析结果的重点步骤,这些关键细节对提升“三普”土壤机械组成结果准确性和分析效率至关重要。吸管法和比重计法测定获得的土壤质地类型结果基本一致。通过平行试样测定结果允许的绝对相差分析发现吸管法的精密度较比重计法稍差,但两者都能达到土壤普查的要求。通过两种土壤机械组成测定方法的比对研究,为基层实验室顺利开展本项目的测定提供借鉴,为第三次全国土壤普查工作提供技术支撑。