Evaluation of closed-vessel microwave digestion method for the determination of trace impurities in polymer-based photoresist by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A closed microwave digestion method followed by inductively coupled plasma spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis was evaluated for the determination of trace impurities in photoresist. To optimize the digestion procedure, several digestion parameters such as acid, heating temperature and heating time were evaluated. Besides, the digestion efficiency of used photoresist material and the recovery of analyte elements obtained by the use of gravimetric method and ICP-MS measurement, individually, were also compared to clarify the completeness of digestion. According to our experiments, the gravimetric method was found to be not so relevant to the completeness of digestion, because the remaining sample matrix could cause suppression effect in the subsequent ICP-MS measurement. In view of minimizing blank value and working time, a simple single-step heating program was proposed to mineralize 0.25 ml of photoresist material with 5 ml of nitric acid at 180 °C for 10 min. Based on the comparative study of the analytical results obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and proposed method, the reliability of proposed method for the determination of trace metallic impurities in photoresist material has been confirmed.     

High-Speed Optical Local Access Network System Using Bi-Directional Polarization Multiplexing

A high-speed and economical optical local access network system is proposed where bi-directional polarization multiplexing is applied to a bi-directional transmission. Experimental results using a prototype system confirmlow optical loss and environmental stabilities.     

高电荷态Ar^q＋与Ne碰撞中入射离子电荷交换截面的研究

报道Ar^q Ne(q=8，9，11，12)碰撞体系中多电子转移过程，得到了多组实验测量电荷交换截面数据，讨论入射离子电荷交换截面、反冲离子产生截面与入射离子电荷态、能量以及散射离子电荷态的关系，并且将实验结果与Ar^q Ar碰撞体系进行对比研究。在修正分子库仑过垒模型的基础上，对实验现象做了合理的解释。     

Comparative investigation of up-conversion luminescence in Tm/Yb-codoped germanate-niobic and germanium-bismuth glasses: effect of phonon density on up-conversion emission

Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped germanate-niobic (GN) and germanium-bismuth (GB) glasses have been synthesized by conventional melting and quenching method. Intense blue and weak red emissions centered at 477 and 650 nm, corresponding to the transitions ¹G₄→³H₆ and ¹G₄→³H₄, respectively, were observed at room temperature. The possible up-conversion mechanisms are discussed and estimated. GN glass showed a weaker up-conversion emission than GB glass, which is inconsistent with the prediction from the difference of maximum phonon energy between GN and GB glasses. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the origin of the difference in up-conversion luminescence in the two glasses. Compared with phonon side-band spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy extracts more information including both phonon energy and phonon density. For the first time, our results reveal that, besides the maximum phonon energy, the phonon density of host glasses is also an important factor in determining the up-conversion efficiency.     

连铸板坯外形的在线检测方法

介绍了板坯外形在线检测的测量原理，计算方法，并给出了实验测量方法，过程及计算机图像处理系统的处理结果，该方法简单，实用，精度较高。     

一个广义Rough集模型及其性质

在传统Rough集理论基础上建立了一个广义Rough集模型，并研究了它的有关性质。     

姬松茸高产栽培模式研究

为充分利用当地丰富的秸秆和牛粪资源，及早在北方地区开发生产姬松茸这一珍稀品种。从姬松茸的选育、栽培模式比较试验结果可看出，合理控制温湿度，改进覆土方式，加强病虫害预防是保证高产的有效措施。     

VALENCE AND EMISSION OF SAMARIUM IONS IN KMF(M:Mg、Ca)

The SmF_(2.01)was synthesized by reducing SmF_3 in H_2 stream.As it was doped inKM_gF_3 and KCaF_3.there was emission of Sm~(2+) in KMgF_3 but no emission of Sm~(2+) inKCaF_3 was observed.     

A simple and accurate method for analysis of dielectric periodic structures

A simple and accurate approach for analysis of dielectric periodic structures is proposed in this paper. The method combines the coupled-mode theory with Floquet theory and joins the eigenmode expansion with the space harmonic expansion properly. As a result, the whole analysis procedure is significantly simplifid. Numerical results for the filter characteristics of some dielectric periodic structures show that the present method is effective, accurate and useful.Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China and The Foundation of State Educational Commission.     

An almost fourth order uniformly convergent difference scheme for a semilinear singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion problem

Summary. This paper is concerned with a high order convergent discretization for the semilinear reaction-diffusion problem: , for , subject to , where . We assume that on , which guarantees uniqueness of a solution to the problem. Asymptotic properties of this solution are discussed. We consider a polynomial-based three-point difference scheme on a simple piecewise equidistant mesh of Shishkin type. Existence and local uniqueness of a solution to the scheme are analysed. We prove that the scheme is almost fourth order accurate in the discrete maximum norm, uniformly in the perturbation parameter . We present numerical results in support of this result. Received February 25, 1994