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71.
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Chen-Cheng Sun Shih-Chin Lee Yaw-Shyan Fu Yu-Hwe Lee 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(23):8295-8300
CrNx thin films have attracted much attention for semiconductor IC packaging molding dies and forming tools due to their excellent hardness, thermal stability and non-sticking properties (low surface free energy). However, few data has been published on the surface free energy (SFE) of CrNx films at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C. In this study CrNx thin films with CrN, Cr(N), Cr2N (and mixture of these phases) were prepared using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering at a wide range of Cr+2 emission intensity. The contact angles of water, di-iodomethane and ethylene glycol on the coated surfaces were measured at temperatures in the range 20-170 °C using a Dataphysics OCA-20 contact angle analyzer. The surface free energy of the CrNx films and their components (e.g., dispersion, polar) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt geometric mean approach. The influences of CrNx film surface roughness and microstructure on the surface free energy were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The experimental results showed that the lowest total SFE was obtained corresponding to CrN at temperature in 20 °C. This is lower than that of Cr(N), Cr2N (and mixture of these phases). The total SFE, dispersive SFE and polar SFE of CrNx films decreased with increasing surface temperature. The film roughness has an obvious effect on the SFE and there is tendency for the SFE to increase with increasing film surface roughness. 相似文献
74.
伪随机序列生成方法有很多种 ,因生成方法不同而导致其性质的差异较大 .文中描述了产生均匀分布的U (0 ,1 )伪随机序列的数学原理 ,提出了评估均匀分布伪随机序列均匀性的几种方法 ,对由软件产生的几种均匀分布序列的均匀性作出了评估 相似文献
75.
偶氮苯衍生物三阶非线性的四波混频研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
用皮秒Nd:YAG激光器的倍频光(532nm)对具有离域π-共轭电子云结构的偶氮苯类样品材料作简并四波混频补给,测得三阶非线性电极化率x^(3)和它们的时间响应分别为10^-9esu和20ps,并对影响x^(3)的瞬时光栅作用和x^(3)的响应时间人了讨论。 相似文献
76.
孙克强 《四川师范大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,17(4):53-57
本文用杨辉三角构造了两种类型的行列式,然后逐一讨论了这两类行列式的值,并由此得到了它们一些特例的简洁结果。 相似文献
77.
78.
大学英语教学低起点高目标的反思及应对策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文结合目前大学英语教学现状及社会对外语人才的要求,尝试着探讨大学英语教学低起点的缘由和高目标要求的应对策略。其意在为大学外语教学建立特殊的机制,充分发挥教育资源的整合效益,起到优化教学过程,达到最优化教学效果,最终最大限度地满足社会对各类外语人才的需要。 相似文献
79.
Optical properties and microstructure of Ag film on glass substrate with Cr intermediate layer were studied by using spectrophotometer and XRD. The spectra results showed that introducing Cr intermediate layer reduced the surface roughness and promoted the reflectivity of Ag film. The XRD analysis showed that the crystalline grains increased and the stress decreased. The adhesion was also improved by using the tape test method. 相似文献
80.
Films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were exposed to sodium naphthalenide (Na/naphtha) etchant so as to defluorinate the surface for obtaining hydroxyl functionality. Surface-initiators were immobilized on the PTFE films by esterification of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACP) and the hydroxyl groups covalently linked to the surface. Grafting of polymer brushes on the PTFE films was carried out by the surface-initiated free radical polymerization. Homopolymers brushes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization from the azo-functionalized PTFE surface. The chemical composition and topography of the graft-functionalized PTFE surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angles on PTFE films were reduced by surface grafting of MMA. 相似文献