Characterization and separation of Al_(13) species using gel-filtration chromatography

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant has been developed and widely used in water and wastewater treatment industry since the 1980s[1]. PAC is normally made by partial hydrolysis of acid aluminum chloride solution using slow alkaline titration method. However, this method would result in many different Al species. Among these Al species, it seems that tridecamer (Al13O4(OH) 724 , often denoted by Al13) is the most effective and stable polymeric Al species for water and wastewater treatme…     

Mass spectrometric determination of selenenylsulfide linkages in rat selenoprotein P

The reversible formation of a selenenylsulfide linkage in mammalian thioredoxin reductase was identified as having a key role in its activity. Identification of selenenylsulfide and/or diselenide linkages is therefore critical to the determination of the structure and function of selenoproteins. A selenopeptide, (298)SGSAITUQCAENLPSLCSUQGLFAEEK(324) (U=selenocysteine), was isolated from a tryptic digest of rat selenoprotein P. Its two cysteine residues and two selenocysteine (Sec) residues were determined to be present in oxidized form by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The selenopeptide was subjected to partial reduction by dithiothreitol with immediate alkylation by iodoacetamide. This process was monitored by MALDI-TOFMS to determine the number of alkylations that had taken place. The partially reduced and alkylated peptides were then analyzed by nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and the results indicated that selenenylsulfide linkages Sec304-Cys314 and Cys306-Sec316 were present. It is concluded that selenoprotein P contains these two selenenylsulfide bonds.     

酸乳中乳酸菌的分离及其发酵性能测试

酸乳中的乳酸菌有乳酸杆菌和乳酸球菌两种，本文选用较为简单的培养基，通过调节ｐＨ值对其进行分离。从平皿中挑选溶钙圈较大的杆菌和球菌菌落各２个作为供试菌株，进行发酵性能测试，结果表明：这些菌株均能产酸，活性较高，按比例再组合成酸乳发酵剂，使产酸时间缩短，酸度高。在实际生产中应用此法，可以不断优选高产乳酸菌株。     

新疆屋面构造设计与探讨

新疆气候条件特殊，冬季寒冷，夏季炎热，传统的屋面构造在保温、隔热方面远达不到《民用建筑热工设计规程》和《民用建筑节能设计标准》的要求，耐久性也很差．笔者提出一种屋面构造，在节能和耐久性方面都优于传统屋面。     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of garnet pyroxenite and Fushui gabbroic complex in Songshugou region and constraints on tectonic evolution of Qinling Orogenic Belt

“Qinling Group (?)” in Songshugou region in the north of the Shangdan Fault consists predominantly of amphibolite with or without garnet and amphibole-plagioclase gneiss and intercalated with lensiod blocks of garnet pyroxenite, where the famous Songshugou dunite body occurs (Fig. 1). Petrographic study reveals that garnet pyroxenite is the representative rock of early     

A compact and low-loss polarization splitter based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber

The characteristics of a novel dual-core photonic crystal fiber are investigated. In the center of photonic crystal fiber, an energy transmission channel is introduced. The optimized photonic crystal fiber can be used for polarization splitter, which has a short length and low loss.     

A nickel oxide nanoflakes/reduced graphene oxide composite and its high-performance lithium-storage properties

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Since conventional graphite-based anode possesses a low capacity, seeking for high-capacity anode candidates becomes significant for constructing emerging...     

Pricing Derivatives under a Markov Skeleton Process

In this paper, it is assumed that the underlying is a Markov skeleton process (abbreviated MSP): this process can be better reflecting the instability of the financial market. Using the properties of Markov skeleton process, the characteristic function of the price process is given, combined with fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, the pricing formula of derivatives under the Markov skeleton process is given. The results of this paper can be applied to price other financial derivatives, and it enriching the pricing theory of financial derivatives.     

A rapid and convenient method for preparative separation of three indissolvable polyphenols from Euphorbia pekinensis by the flexible application of solvent extraction combined with counter‐current chromatography

A rapid and convenient method was established to preparatively isolate the three ellagic acid types of compounds, which were the main polyphenols in Euphorbia pekinensis, by flexibly applying solvent extraction combined with counter‐current chromatography (CCC). The total extract (extracted using 95% ethanol) of E. pekinensis was pretreated by two simple steps before CCC isolation, following the procedure: the total extract was extracted by classical solvent extraction using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, respectively, and then the ethyl acetate extract was suspended using 95% ethanol, after being allowed to stand overnight, the sediment was obtained. Partial sediment (100 mg) was then directly separated by CCC with a two‐phase solvent system composed of chloroform‐95% ethanol‐water‐85% formic acid (50:50:50:5, v/v/v/v). About 22 mg of 3,3′‐dimethoxy ellagic acid (1), 12 mg of 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl‐4‐O‐(β‐d ‐xylopyranosyl)ellagic acid (2), and 35 mg of ellagic acid (3) with purities of 96.0, 95.2, and 95.4% were obtained respectively in one step within 4 h. After being purified by washing with methanol, the purities of the three compounds obtained were all above 98%. The purities were determined by HPLC and their chemical structures were further identified by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The recoveries were calculated as 84.6, 85.7, and 89.5%, respectively. The result demonstrated that the present isolation method was rapid, economical and efficient for the preparative separation of polyphenols from E. pekinensis.     

Scale-Up Preparation of Crocins I and II from Gardenia jasminoides by a Two-Step Chromatographic Approach and Their Inhibitory Activity Against ATP Citrate Lyase

Crocins are highly valuable natural compounds for treating human disorders, and they are also high-end spices and colorants in the food industry. Due to the limitation of obtaining this type of highly polar compound, the commercial prices of crocins I and II are expensive. In this study, macroporous resin column chromatography combined with high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to purify crocins I and II from natural sources. With only two chromatographic steps, both compounds were simultaneously isolated from the dry fruit of Gardenia jasminoides, which is a cheap herbal medicine distributed in a number of countries. In an effort to shorten the isolation time and reduce solvent usage, forward and reverse rotations were successively utilized in the HSCCC isolation procedure. Crocins I and II were simultaneously obtained from a herbal resource with high recoveries of 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively, and high purities of 98.7% and 99.1%, respectively, by HPLC analysis. The optimized preparation method was proven to be highly efficient, convenient, and cost-effective. Crocins I and II exhibited inhibitory activity against ATP citrate lyase, and their IC₅₀ values were determined to be 36.3 ± 6.24 and 29.7 ± 7.41 μM, respectively.