Local hydrated structure of an Fe2+/Fe3+ aqueous solution: an investigation using a combination of molecular dynamics and X-ray absorption fine structure methods

The hydrated shell of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ aqueous solutions are investigated by using the molecular dynamics (MD) and X-ray absorption structure (XAS) methods. The MD simulations show that the first hydrated shells of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ are characterized by a regular octahedron with an Fe-O distance of 2.08 for Fe2+ and 1.96 for Fe3+, and rule out the occurrence of a Jahn-Teller distortion in the hydrated shell of an Fe2+ aqueous solution. The corresponding X-ray absorption near edge fine structure (XANES) calculation successfully reproduces all features in the XANES spectra in Fe2+ and Fe3+ aqueous solution. A feature that is located at energy 1 eV higher than the white line (WL) in an Fe3+ aqueous solution may be assigned to the contribution of the charge transfer.     

金属纳米颗粒的热导率

本文使用统计模拟方法对金属纳米颗粒的电子平均自由程进行了计算,并考察了纳米颗粒的晶格比热和声子平均群速度,最后应用动力学理论对纳米颗粒的电子热导率和声子热导率分别进行了求解.研究结果表明:具有相同特征尺寸的方形、球形纳米颗粒的无量纲电子(或声子)平均自由程比较接近.金属纳米颗粒的电子热导率远大于声子热导率;电子、声子热导率随着直径减小呈现降低趋势,而电子热导率的颗粒尺度依赖性比声子热导率更为明显;随着颗粒直径进一步减小,声子热导率与电子热导率趋于同一数量级.当纳米颗粒特征尺寸大于4倍块材电子(或声子)平均自由程,其电子(或声子)热导率的颗粒尺度依赖性将减弱.     

Possible Supernova Multi-Explosions and Induced Gravitational Collapse

In this paper, three hotly discussed problems, namely the neutrino bursts, the blue progenitor, and the mixing phenomenon, observed in SN1987A are summarized. But it is pointed that while all the observations on SN1987A do not favour a twice-banged scenario, we have found three historical cases from ancient Chinese documents that might be interpreted as twice- or even multi-explosions of a supernova. Finally in a one-dimensional simulation we demonstrate that an induced gravitational collapse b possible.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of LiMnO2 microcubes for lithium ion battery application

Two kinds of LiMnO₂ microcubes were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using solid or hollow Mn₂O₃ microcubes as precursors. One was made up of nanoparticles varying in size and the other was made up of interlaced polygonal nanoplates with the thickness of 70 nm. Both kinds of LiMnO₂ microcubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Charge–discharge curves were carried out to investigate their electrochemical properties. LiMnO₂ microcubes with interlaced nanoplates showed much better capacities than the ones with nanoparticles indicating it is more suitable for application in the lithium ion batteries. The former material could deliver the capacities of 197 and 134 mAh/g at 0.1 and 1 C, respectively. And its capacity fading after 50 cycles did not exceed 7 %. The excellent electrochemical performance of the former material could be ascribed to the smaller size which could shorten the path length for lithium ion transport and increase the electrode and electrolyte contact.     

Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of hydroxylamine on Pt/polypyrrole composite modified glassy carbon electrode

A sensitive hydroxylamine sensor is developed by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles on pre-synthesized polypyrrole nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrode presents distinctly electrocatalytic activity toward hydroxylamine oxidation. The kinetic parameters such as the overall numbers of electrons involved in hydroxylamine oxidation, the electron transfer coefficient, standard heterogeneous rate constant, and diffusion coefficient are evaluated. The current response increases linearly with increasing hydroxylamine concentrations and exhibits two wide linear ranges of 5.0?×?10^?7–1.1?×?10^?3 and 1.1?×?10^?3–18.8?×?10^?3 M with a detection limit of 0.08 μM (s/n?=?3). The proposed electrode presents excellent operational and storage ability for determining hydroxylamine. Moreover, the sensor shows good sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility properties.     

Immunoassays Based on Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence using Gap-Plasmon-Tunable Ag Bilayer Nanoparticle Films

A novel gap-plasmon-tunable Ag bilayer nanoparticle film for immunoassays is demonstrated. Different from a traditional Ag monolayer nanoparticle film, a desired number of polyelectrolyte (PEL) layers are deposited on the nanoparticles before the self-assembly of a second Ag nanoparticle layer. Interestingly, by controlling the number of the PEL interlayers, the gap plasmon between the two Ag nanoparticle layers can be tuned across the visible spectral range. The ability of the presented Ag bilayer nanoparticle films in fluorescence enhancement has been examined experimentally. A maximal enhancement of around 15.4 fold was achieved when 7 layers of polyelectrolyte were used. When this optimal Ag bilayer nanoparticle film was applied to fluorescence immunoassay, a performance with approximately 3.3-fold enhancement was obtained compared with that performed on a traditional glass substrate. The experimental results suggest that the presented gap-plasmon tunable Ag bilayer nanoparticle films have great potential in fluorescence-based immunoassays. The method of the bilayer-film construction presented here also provides new insights into the rational design of the plasmonic substrates.     

基于斯托克斯矢量的偏振成像仪器及其进展

偏振成像技术将景物的偏振信息转化为二维图像信息,从而可以和灰度图像一样对目标景物进行场景特征分析。介绍了基于斯托克斯矢量的偏振成像原理。按照获取斯托克斯矢量方法的不同,分别介绍了偏振片起偏、偏振棱镜分光和可变延迟波片调制三类分时偏振成像方式,分振幅、分孔径、分焦平面三种同时偏振成像方式。结合我国的制造水平,设计了双CCD渥拉斯顿棱镜同时偏振成像实验系统,并采集了实验图像。分析了各种偏振成像方式的优缺点。指出了偏振激光照明主动偏振成像、光谱偏振成像是偏振成像仪器进一步的发展方向。     

梯度磁场作用下光纤中磁流体光透射特性研究的建模与分析

对光纤中磁流体在梯度磁场作用下的光透射特性进行了研究,提出光纤中磁流体的光透射率变化主要来源于梯度磁场引起的磁流体密度分布变化。根据郎之万函数和流体理论,推导了光纤中磁流体在梯度磁场作用下的密度分布,并根据Beer-Lambert定律,得到磁流体光功率透射衰减和纳米粒子局部密度的关系,从而建立光纤中磁流体在梯度磁场作用下光透射特性的理论模型。进而对光纤中磁流体在不同梯度磁场作用下的光透射功率进行数值分析,得到不同磁场强度和磁场梯度下光纤中磁流体透射功率的变化规律。最后将数值分析的结果和实验数据进行对比,验证了模型的合理性, 同时也验证了梯度磁场作用下磁流体光透射功率的变化主要来源于磁流体密度分布变化的推论。