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101.
102.
Meg Duroux Leonid Gurevich Esben Skovsen Steffen B. Petersen 《Applied Surface Science》2007,254(4):1126-1130
Ultraviolet light can be used to immobilize biomolecules onto thiol reactive surfaces in order to, e.g., make biosensors. The mechanism involves light-induced formation of free, reactive thiol groups in disulphide containing molecules. This technology allows for the creation of arrays of biomolecules with a high degree of reproducibility, circumventing the need for often expensive nano/micro-dispensing technologies. The ultimate size of the immobilized spots is defined by the focal area of the UV beam. Light-induced immobilization has the added benefit that the immobilized molecules will be spatially oriented and covalently bound to the surface. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of a sensor array created with the new sensor technology when integrated into a microfluidic system. Protein arrays made using light-induced immobilization showed successful antigen/antibody binding in a flow cell allowing the visualisation of real time binding and enzyme activity. This new technology is ideal for the creation of protein/DNA microarrays, can replace present micro-dispensing arraying technologies and is ideal as a molecular imprinting technology. 相似文献
103.
104.
Leonid V. Philosophov Jonathan A. Batten Vladimir L. Philosophov 《Mathematics and Financial Economics》2008,1(3-4):181-212
We study the problem of simultaneous and coherent assessment the probability of a firm’s bankruptcy at various time horizons in future. In contrast with usual (one-period) formulations of the problem, such multi-period formulation better matches the nature of bankruptcy process (bankruptcy occurs in time) and allows an easier and more natural incorporation of bankruptcy (default) prognoses in valuation of risky debt and equity, optimization of corporate capital structure etc. The study uses a new mathematical apparatus—multi-alternative decision rules of statistical decision theory. We investigate a new type of predictive variables that can be extracted from the maturity schedule of a firm’s long-term debt. The study develops Bayesian-type forecasting rules that use both maturity schedule factors and traditional financial ratios. These rules noticeably enhance bankruptcy prediction (compared with the familiar one-period Z-score rules of Altman) for bankruptcy within the first 1, 2 or 3 years. Predictive factors derived from schedule information enhance bankruptcy prediction at distant time horizons. 相似文献
105.
Antony O. Bulanov Igor N. Shcherbakov Yulia P. Tupolova Leonid D. Popov Vladimir V. Lukov Victor A. Kogan Pavel A. Belikov 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2009,65(12):o618-o620
A novel chelatofore functionalized spiropyran of the 2‐oxaindane series, namely 8‐formyl‐7‐hydroxy‐3′,3′‐dimethylspiro[2H‐chromene‐2,1′(3′H)‐2‐benzofuran], C19H16O4, is reported. In the crystalline state, dimers are formed as a result of the π–π stacking of aromatic groups of the 2H‐chromene part of the molecule and C—H...O interactions. The Cspiro—O bond length in the pyran ring is 1.4558 (10) Å, which is longer than or equal to the bond length in thermo‐ and photochromic 2‐oxaindane spiropyrans synthesized previously, except for the 7,8‐benzo/6‐NO2 derivative, in which this bond length is 1.465 (2) Å. 相似文献
106.
Intrinsic properties of the space itself and quantum fluctuations of its geometry are sufficient to provide a mechanism for
the acceleration of cosmological expansion (dark energy effect). Applying Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy approach
to self-consistent equations of one-loop quantum gravity, we found exact solutions that yield acceleration. The permanent
creation and annihilation of virtual gravitons is not in exact balance because of the expansion of the Universe. The excess
energy comes from the spontaneous process of graviton creation and is trapped by the background. It provides the macroscopic
quantum effect of cosmic acceleration. 相似文献
107.
108.
Combined theoretical and experimental investigations led to the discovery of a new polymorph of titanium dioxide with titanium nine-coordinated to oxygen in the cotunnite (PbCl 2 ) structure. Hardness measurements on the cotunnite-structured TiO 2 synthesized at pressures above 60 GPa and temperatures above 1000 K reveal that this material is the hardest oxide yet discovered. Furthermore, it is one of the least compressible (with a measured bulk modulus of 431 GPa) and hardest (with a microhardness of 38 GPa) polycrystalline materials studied thus far. 相似文献
109.
One way functions and pseudorandom generators 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Leonid A. Levin 《Combinatorica》1987,7(4):357-363
Pseudorandom generators transform in polynomial time a short random “seed” into a long “pseudorandom” string. This string
cannot be random in the classical sense of [6], but testing that requires an unrealistic amount of time (say, exhaustive search
for the seed). Such pseudorandom generators were first discovered in [2] assuming that the function (a
x
modb) is one-way, i.e., easy to compute, but hard to invert on a noticeable fraction of instances. In [12] this assumption was
generalized to the existence of any one-way permutation. The permutation requirement is sufficient but still very strong.
It is unlikely to be proven necessary, unless something crucial, like P=NP, is discovered. Below, among other observations,
a weaker assumption about one-way functions is proposed, which is not only sufficient, but also necessary for the existence
of pseudorandom generators.
Supported by NSF grant #DCR-8304498, DCR-8607492. 相似文献
110.
Hui H. Chin Leonid V. Azroff Agya R. Saini Robert W. Lenz 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1989,27(10):2001-2009
Semiflexible thermotropic aromatic polyesters with lateral groups were aligned magnetically and mechanically in monodomains after separation into high-molecular-weight (polymer) and low-molecular-weight (oligomer) fractions. Based on the x-ray intensity distributions recorded for a series of seven different substituents in the arylsulfonyl substituted group, a novel smectic structure was determined for H, F, Cl, OCH3, and CH3 in the para position while a normal nematic alignment prevailed when it contained Br or NO2. 相似文献