Working group report: Heavy-ion physics and quark-gluon plasma

This is the report of Heavy Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma at WHEPP-09 which was part of Working Group-4. Discussion and work on some aspects of quark-gluon plasma believed to have created in heavy-ion collisions and in early Universe are reported.     

Synthesis, structural and photocatalytic studies of Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles

Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles (Cd_1?x Mn _x S; where x = 0.00–0.10) were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–Vis spectrometer. The XRD and TEM measurements show that the size of crystallites is in the range of 10–40 nm. Optical measurements indicated a red shift in the absorption band edge upon Mn doping. The direct allowed band gaps of undoped and Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles measured by UV–Vis spectrometer were 2.3 and 2.4 eV at 400 °C, respectively. Photocatalytic activities of CdS and Mn-doped CdS were evaluated by irradiating the solution to ultraviolet light and taking methyl orange (MO) as organic dye. It was found that 5 mol% Mn-doped CdS bleaches MO much faster than undoped CdS upon its exposure to the ultraviolet light. The experiment demonstrated that the photo-degradation efficiency of 5 mol% Mn-doped CdS was significantly higher than that of undoped CdS.     

Photon Modulated Coherent States of a Generalized Isotonic Oscillator by Weyl Ordering and their Non-Classical Properties

We construct photon modulated coherent states of a generalized isotonic oscillator by expanding the newly introduced superposed operator through Weyl ordering method. We evaluate the parameter A ₃ and the s-parameterized quasi probability distribution function to confirm the non - classical nature of the states. We also calculate the identities related with the quadrature squeezing to explore the squeezing property of the states. Finally, we investigate the fidelity between the photon modulated coherent states and coherent states to quantify the non-Gaussianity of the states. The constructed states and their associated non - classical properties will add further knowledge on the potential.     

Structure and occurrences of ≪ green rust ≫ related new minerals of the ≪ fougérite ≫ group,trébeurdenite and mössbauerite,belonging to the ≪ hydrotalcite ≫ supergroup; how Mössbauer spectroscopy helps XRD.

Mössbauer spectroscopy yields decisive information for interpreting x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in the case of ‘green rusts” with intercalated CO $_{3}^{2-}$ anions, i.e. the chemical analogs of the three minerals that constitute within the ? hydrotalcite ? supergroup comprising 44 minerals the “fougèrite” group where the structure stays globally unchanged. The only difference comes from the deprotonation of OH^? ions at the apices of the octahedrons occupied by the Fe cations so that Fe ^{I I} ions become Fe ^{I I I} . Low angle x-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation displays the presence of many polytypes which reflects the stacking of brucite like layers and anion interlayers so that a 2D long range order of anions stays unchanged from fougèrite to mössbauerite.     

Proteomic Analysis for Low and High Nitrogen-Responsive Proteins in the Leaves of Rice Genotypes Grown at Three Nitrogen Levels

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants. Increase in crop production is associated with increase in N fertilizers. Excessive use of N fertilizers and the low nitrogen utilization efficiency by crop plants is a major cause for environmental damage. Therefore, to reduce the N-fertilizer pollution, there is an urgent need to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Identification and/or development of genotypes which can grow and yield well at low nitrogen levels may provide a solution. Understanding the molecular mechanism of differential nitrogen use efficiency of the genotypes may provide some clues. Keeping the above facts in mind, in this study we have identified the high N-responsive and low N-responsive contrasting rice genotypes, out of 20 genotypes that were grown at low (1?mM), moderate (10?mM), and high (25?mM) levels of N (KNO₃). Proteome analysis of leaves revealed that the proteins involved in the energy production/regulation and metabolism in plant leaf tissues are differentially expressed under N treatments. Moreover, some disease-resistant and stress-induced proteins were found to be overexpressed at high levels of N. The present study could be useful in identifying proteins responding to different levels of nitrogen fertilization, which may open new avenues for a better understanding of N use efficiency, and for developing new strategies to enhance N efficiency in cereal crops.     

Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs β-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring

The global prevalence of obesity is increasing across most ages in both sexes. This is contributing to the early emergence of type 2 diabetes and its related epidemic. Having either parent obese is an independent risk factor for childhood obesity. Although the detrimental impacts of diet-induced maternal obesity on adiposity and metabolism in offspring are well established, the extent of any contribution of obese fathers is unclear, particularly the role of non-genetic factors in the causal pathway. Here we show that paternal high-fat-diet (HFD) exposure programs β-cell 'dysfunction' in rat F(1) female offspring. Chronic HFD consumption in Sprague-Dawley fathers induced increased body weight, adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Relative to controls, their female offspring had an early onset of impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance that worsened with time, and normal adiposity. Paternal HFD altered the expression of 642 pancreatic islet genes in adult female offspring (P?相似文献   

Mössbauer study of magnetism in FeII − III (oxy-)hydroxycarbonate green rusts; ferrimagnetism of FeII − III hydroxycarbonate

Fe^II???III hydroxycarbonate Fe $^{\rm II}_{4}$ Fe $^{\rm III}_{2}$ (OH)₁₂CO₃, green rust GR(CO $_{3}^{2-})$ , reveals a ferrimagnetic behaviour. Moments that lie within two-dimensional cation layers are parallel for same species and antiparallel between Fe^II and Fe^III. Respective ordering temperatures are 5.2 and 7 K. A sextet with distribution from 350 to 580 kOe for Fe^III and an octet reflecting a mixture of states with field of 130 kOe and quadrupole splitting of ?3.0 mm s^???1 for Fe^II are observed at 1.4 K. Ferric oxyhydroxycarbonate Fe $^{\rm III}_{6}$ O₁₂H₈CO₃ is ferromagnetic and displays at 4 K a sextet with field between 400 and 500 kOe (maximum at 480 kOe) and transition at 80 K. GR(CO $_{3}^{2-})$ deprotonation gives magnetic domains with compositions at x?=?1/3, 2/3 and 1 due to long range order.     

Structure of some FeII − III hydroxysalt green rusts (carbonate, oxalate, methanoate) from Mössbauer spectroscopy

The abundances of Fe^II and Fe^III environments within green rusts one, GR1s, that intercalate carbonate, oxalate and methanoate (formate) anions are found from Mössbauer spectra for compositions corresponding to [Fe $^{\rm II}_{6}$ Fe $^{\rm III}_{2}$ (OH)₁₆]^2?+??[CO $_{3}^{2-}$ ?5H₂O]^2???, [Fe $^{\rm II}_{4}$ Fe $^{\rm III}_{2}$ (OH)₁₂]^2?+??[CO $_{3}^{2-}$ ?3H₂O]^2???, [Fe $^{\rm II}_{6}$ Fe $^{\rm III}_{2}$ (OH)₁₆]^2?+??[C₂O $_{4}^{2-}$ ?4H₂O]^2??? and [Fe $^{\rm II}_{5}$ Fe $^{\rm III}_{2}$ (OH)₁₄]^2?+??[2HCOO^????3H₂O]^2???. These formulae correspond to orders α, β and γ where cation distances are (2 × a ₀), ( $\surd 3$ × a ₀) or a mixture of both leading to (7 × a ₀), where ratio x = {[Fe^III]/[Fe_total]} = 1/4, 1/3 and 2/7, respectively. Anion distributions within interlayers are also devised and long-range orders determined accordingly.     

Some unusual crystallization phenomena in frozen aqueous solutions

When a 30 weight percent ferrous chloride solution is quick cooled to 78°K, it forms a transparent glass. When this is slowly warmed, both differential thermal analysis and Mössbauer measurements distinguish four temperatures, which correspond to (1) melting from glass to undercooled liquid, (2) crystallization of salt-free ice, (3) crystallization of FeCl₂·9H₂O, and (4) melting of both crystals. Our recent differential-thermal-analysis measurements show that the third temperature increases by 22°K as the fraction of D₂O in the water increases from zero to 100 percent, while the other three remain nearly constant. The cause of the large isotope effect is not known.     

Oxidized polyethylenimine

Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been oxidized with aqueous hydrogen peroxide to yield a hygroscopic, water-soluble, slightly basic, yellow polymeric solid (OPEI) containing about 25% oxygen. Some chain degradation accompanies oxidation. The nature of the product varies somewhat with preparative conditions. OPEI, in the presence of strong alkali, reduces silver salts and peptizes a portion of the silver. By use of infrared, ultraviolet, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy together with qualitative testing, OPEI has been found to contain carboxyl groups, unoxidized primary amine groups, tertiary amine oxide, small amounts of aldehyde and nitrone groups, and a considerable amount of secondary amide. The probable reaction sequence is: PEI → dialkylhydroxylamine → nitrone → oxazirane → rearranged product. Oxazirane groups appear to be absent, as well as oxime, nitro, nitrite, and nitrate. The groups which reduce silver salts are not known with certainty but are probably of the hydroxylamine type. The carboxyl content of OPEI is associated with the lower molecular weight species which are present.