可自修复的高延性混凝土(ECC)在机场道面的适用性分析

在飞机荷载与环境荷载长期共同作用下,机场道面易出现裂缝、接缝和竖向位移类病害,使运营阶段维修成本高.提出将具有自修复功能的高延性水泥基材料(ECC)用于机场道面,以控制裂缝发展、实现无缝连接;并利用ECC因二次反应而使微裂缝愈合的特性,减少路面维护工作,延长使用寿命.通过试验手段研究了ECC材料应用于机场道面的力学行为、自修复行为和早期开裂潜能.试验结果表明:机场道面用ECC材料在拉伸荷载作用下,其拉伸应变可达3.67％(约为普遍混凝土的400倍);在弯曲荷载作用下,其竖向弯曲变形可达6.33 mm;抗压强度与弯曲强度分别为43.9 MPa和12.68 MPa,可满足机场道面的使用要求.在受约束条件下,ECC表现出较低的早期开裂潜能.由于自修复能力,裂损ECC的拉伸刚度、拉伸应变与拉伸强度几乎可恢复至未裂时的程度;其水渗透系数随自修复进程逐渐降低,最终达到未裂时的渗透水平.研究结果表明ECC材料用于无缝机场道面具有较高适用性.     

Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on 1‐Pyrenebutanoic Acid Succinimidyl Ester/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Au Nanoparticle Modified Electrode

A biocompatible nanocomposite film was fabricated for hemoglobin (Hb) molecules immobilization. This film consists of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), 1‐pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (PASE), hemoglobin (Hb) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Herein, PASE molecules physically adsorbed onto MWNTs, and its groups then covalently bond with Hb. AuNPs were then linked with Hb/PASE/MWNTs via electrostatic adsorption force. UV‐visible adsorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have characterized the film. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans showed that in the film Hb has well‐defined redox reaction, with the formal potential (E°) at about ?0.27 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Herein, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to electrochemically detect the Hb in the film with a detection limit of 9.3×10^?8 M. The proposed method was also succeeded for Hb detection in clinical blood samples. Furthermore, the Hb in the film showed good electrocatalytic activities to the reduction of H₂O₂, TCA, NaNO₂ and O₂.     

Density functional theory study on OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation of m-xylene

The OH-initiated oxidation reactions of m-xylene are investigated using density functional theory. The structures, energetics, and relative stability of the OH-m-xylene reaction intermediate radicals have been determined, and their activation barriers have been analyzed to assess the energetically favorable pathways to propagate the oxidation. OH addition occurs preferentially at the two ortho positions with the branching ratios of 0.97, 0.02, and 0.01 for ortho, meta, and ipso additions, respectively. The results reveal that the OH-m-xylene-O2 peroxy radicals preferentially cyclize to form bicyclic radicals under atmospheric conditions rather than reacting with NO to lead to ozone formation, and the decomposition to O2 and the hydroxyl m-xylene adduct is competitive with the cyclization process. The bicyclic radicals of m-xylene formed from the major OH-addition pathways (i.e., ortho positions) are more probable to form bicyclic peroxy radicals by reacting with O2. This study provides thermochemical and kinetic data of the OH-initiated reactions of m-xylene for assessment of the role of aromatic hydrocarbons in photochemical production of ozone, toxic products, and secondary organic aerosols.     

基于深圳市出租车轨迹数据的高效益寻客策略研究

出租车作为城市公共交通的重要补充形式,在居民日常出行中发挥着重要作用.然而,客源时空分布不均衡导致了出租车空载率高、寻客难度大等问题,降低了出租车的运营效率.随着ITS（intelligent transport system）技术的发展,越来越多的学者将出租车寻客模式作为其研究点,目前尚缺乏对基于寻客效益指标的寻客策略方法的研究.为了提高出租车寻客效益,提出了基于寻客效益指标模型的时空分析方法,将出租车载客态单位时间收入E及相邻空载态寻客时间T相结合作为寻客效益评价指标,并采用数理统计与地理统计相结合的方法,对高效益客源的时空分布特征进行研究.采用深圳市2011年4月18-24日一周内13 798辆出租车的GPS轨迹数据,分析了深圳市出租车的运营特点及人们出行需求的时空分布特征.结果表明：该方法能够较好地反映高效益客源的时空分布特征,为出租车高效益寻客提供辅助决策支持,也为出租车高效运营提供了新的视角.     

一种动态实时的遥感专题应用系统定制框架

遥感专题应用系统广泛用于遥感影像的加载、分析、专题提取、出图等.为实现遥感专题应用系统动态、实时和可扩展的定制化开发,设计了一套基于组件的遥感专题应用系统定制框架：定义了组件划分方式,将专题系统划分为功能类组件和容器类组件,建立了组件属性和组件间的关系;采用XML文件描述遥感专题应用系统中的组件,并提供从XML到遥感专题应用系统的解析方法;设计了遥感专题应用系统定制平台,提出一种动态实时的软件设计方法,可以“所见即所得”地定制遥感专题应用系统,并将其保存为XML文件.采用该定制平台定制的多个专题系统已应用于相关部门.该框架为快速高效定制遥感专题应用系统提供了一种新的开发设计模式,降低了遥感数据在多行业应用的技术门槛,减少重复性开发工作.     

激波与椭圆形重气柱相互作用的PLIF实验

在水平激波管中,采用平面激光诱发荧光(planar laser-induced fluorescence, PLIF)方法对椭圆形重气柱界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性进行实验。气柱由SF₆混入一定比例的丙酮蒸气构成,环境气体为空气。通过改变椭圆形气柱的长短轴比值,得到了激波马赫数为1.25时,3种初始界面的演化形态。通过相对体积分数标定,得到了界面失稳演化过程中的相对体积分数分布,观察到了激波作用后界面气体聚集、转移、消散等现象。实验结果发现,对于流向轴长与展向轴长之比较大的气柱界面,初始界面产生的涡量更大且分布更广,其界面不稳定性发展得越迅速和剧烈。失稳发展迅速的界面甚至出现涡对碰撞并产生尾部射流结构的现象。初始界面直接决定了失稳发展初期形成的涡对强度和间距,并对后期演化有重要影响。     

基于遥感影像的嘉兴市城市扩张与驱动力分析

在当前高速城市化的背景下,为及时了解嘉兴市的城市发展现状,使用遥感手段提取各时间段内城市的建设区域,并分析了扩张过程的时空特征,再结合社会经济数据探究了城市扩张的驱动力因素.结果表明：嘉兴市在1993~2013年间城市扩张明显,扩张速度和强度先增后减,扩张方向由西北转向南,扩张模式经历了“主动型-被动型-稳定型”的转变过程,扩张合理性较差,城市扩张速率高于人口增长速率,扩张驱动因子主要为经济发展、产业结构调整和人口增长.     

Heterogeneous reactions of epoxides in acidic media

Epoxides have recently been identified as important intermediates in the gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons, and their hydrolysis products have been observed in ambient aerosols. To evaluate the role of epoxides in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), the kinetics and mechanism of heterogeneous reactions of two model epoxides, isoprene oxide and α-pinene oxide, with sulfuric acid, ammonium bisulfate, and ammonium sulfate have been investigated using complementary experimental techniques. Kinetic experiments using a fast flow reactor coupled to an ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ID-CIMS) show a fast irreversible loss of the epoxides with the uptake coefficients (γ) of (1.7 ± 0.1) × 10(-2) and (4.6 ± 0.3) × 10(-2) for isoprene oxide and α-pinene oxide, respectively, for 90 wt % H(2)SO(4) and at room temperature. Experiments using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) reveal that diols are the major products in ammonium bisulfate and dilute H(2)SO(4) (<25 wt %) solutions for both epoxides. In concentrated H(2)SO(4) (>65 wt %), acetals are formed from isoprene oxide, whereas organosulfates are produced from α-pinene oxide. The reaction of the epoxides with ammonium sulfate is slow and no products are observed. The epoxide reactions using bulk samples and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy reveal the presence of diols as the major products for isoprene oxide, accompanied by aldehyde formation. For α-pinene oxide, organosulfate formation is observed with a yield increasing with the acidity. Large yields of organosulfates in all NMR experiments with α-pinene oxide are attributed to the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) from the use of deuterated sulfuric acid and water. Our results suggest that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of epoxides results in the formation of a wide range of products, and some of the products have low volatility and contribute to SOA growth under ambient conditions prevailing in the urban atmosphere.     

非挥发性溶质对共沸物沸点的影响

测定了 10种非挥发性溶质对甲醇 -四氢呋喃共沸物沸点的影响 .发现与共沸物平衡的气相组成因非挥发性溶质不同发生了不同的变化 ,但所有非挥发性溶质都引起共沸物沸点升高。运用热力学原理对实验结果进行了讨论 .理论分析及对分析结果的实验检验表明 ,少量非挥发性溶质总引起共沸物沸点升高是一个具有普遍意义的结论     

智能模拟技术在生产计划优化中的应用

在延时Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的基础上，提出一种更适合生产计划模拟的扩展延时Ｐｅｔｒｉ网。将它与专家系统相结合，设计并建立了计划专家模拟系统，借助于该系统对生产计划进行模拟运行和优化，以得到较优的利用调整的计划。