基于小波变换的电能质量扰动测量方法

对电压幅值变化现象的定量检测问题进行了研究．定义了基于两个实值小波归一变换的幅值及调整幅值的概念．证明了只要这两个实值小波函数一个为偶函数、一个为奇函数并满足一定的条件,则基于这两个实值小波归一变换的调整幅值在非故障区间内的值恰好等于1,而在故障区间内的值恰好等于故障区间的电压幅值与非故障区间的电压幅值之比。最后选用两个实值小波函数,应用基于这两个实值小波归一变换的调整幅值对电压波形畸变进行了检测,模拟结果显示该幅值检测图不仅能准确定位故障发生和终止时刻。而且可精确地定量显示出电压变化的幅度。     

Space-Air-Ground Integrated Mobile Crowdsensing for Partially Observable Data Collection by Multi-Scale Convolutional Graph Reinforcement Learning

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is attracting considerable attention in the past few years as a new paradigm for large-scale information sensing. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have played a significant role in MCS tasks and served as crucial nodes in the newly-proposed space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN). In this paper, we incorporate SAGIN into MCS task and present a Space-Air-Ground integrated Mobile CrowdSensing (SAG-MCS) problem. Based on multi-source observations from embedded sensors and satellites, an aerial UAV swarm is required to carry out energy-efficient data collection and recharging tasks. Up to date, few studies have explored such multi-task MCS problem with the cooperation of UAV swarm and satellites. To address this multi-agent problem, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based method called Multi-Scale Soft Deep Recurrent Graph Network (ms-SDRGN). Our ms-SDRGN approach incorporates a multi-scale convolutional encoder to process multi-source raw observations for better feature exploitation. We also use a graph attention mechanism to model inter-UAV communications and aggregate extra neighboring information, and utilize a gated recurrent unit for long-term performance. In addition, a stochastic policy can be learned through a maximum-entropy method with an adjustable temperature parameter. Specifically, we design a heuristic reward function to encourage the agents to achieve global cooperation under partial observability. We train the model to convergence and conduct a series of case studies. Evaluation results show statistical significance and that ms-SDRGN outperforms three state-of-the-art DRL baselines in SAG-MCS. Compared with the best-performing baseline, ms-SDRGN improves 29.0% reward and 3.8% CFE score. We also investigate the scalability and robustness of ms-SDRGN towards DRL environments with diverse observation scales or demanding communication conditions.     

The Pharmacokinetics in Mice and Cell Uptake of Thymus Immunosuppressive Pentapeptide Using LC-MS/MS Analysis

Thymus immunosuppressive pentapeptide (TIPP) is a novel anti-inflammatory peptide with high efficacy and low toxicity. This study aims to establish a selective LC-MS/MS method for analyzing the analyte TIPP in biological samples, laying the foundation for further PK and PD studies of TIPP. Protein precipitation was conducted in acetonitrile supplemented with 2% formic acid and 25 mg/mL dithiothreitol as a stabilizer, which was followed by backwashing the organic phase using dichloromethane. The chromatographic separation of TIPP was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution method. During positive electrospray ionization, TIPP was analyzed via multiple-reaction monitoring. The linear relationships between the concentration of TIPP and peak area in murine plasma cell lysates, supernatants, and the final cell rinse PBS were established within the ranges of 20–5000 ng/mL, 1–200 ng/mL, 10–200 μg/mL, and 0.1–20 ng/mL, respectively (r² > 0.99). Validated according to U.S. FDA guidelines, the proposed method was proved to be acceptable. Such a method had been successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of TIPP in mice via subcutaneous injection. The plasma half-life in mice was 5.987 ± 1.824 min, suggesting that TIPP is swiftly eliminated in vivo. The amount of TIPP uptake by RBL-2H3 cells was determined using this method, which was also visually verified by confocal. Furthermore, the effective intracellular concentration of TIPP was deduced by comparing the intracellular concentration of TIPP and degrees of inflammation, enlightening further investigation on the intracellular target and mechanism of TIPP.     

Interpretation of Strengthening Mechanism of Densified Wood from Supramolecular Structures

In this study, densified wood was prepared by hot pressing after partial lignin and hemicellulose were removed through alkaline solution cooking. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of densified wood were improved up to 398.5 MPa and 22.5 GPa as compared with the original wood, and the characterization of its supramolecular structures showed that the crystal plane spacing of the densified wood decreased, the crystallite size increased, and the maximum crystallinity (CI) of cellulose increased by 15.05%; outstandingly, the content of O(6)H⋯O(3′) intermolecular H-bonds increased by approximately one-fold at most. It was found that the intermolecular H-bond content was significantly positively correlated with the tensile strength and elastic modulus, and accordingly, their Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.952 (p < 0.01) and 0.822 (p < 0.05), respectively. This work provides a supramolecular explanation for the enhancement of tensile strength of densified wood.     

The Antibacterial Activity Mode of Action of Plantaricin YKX against Staphylococcus aureus

We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plantaricin YKX on S. aureus. The mode of action of plantaricin YKX against the cells of S. aureus indicated that plantaricin YKX was able to cause the leakage of cellular content and damage the structure of the cell membranes. Additionally, plantaricin YKX was also able to inhibit the formation of S. aureus biofilms. As the concentration of plantaricin YKX reached 3/4 MIC, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition was over 50%. Fluorescent dye labeling combined with fluorescence microscopy confirmed the results. Finally, the effect of plantaricin YKX on the AI-2/LuxS QS system was investigated. Molecular docking predicted that the binding energy of AI-2 and plantaricin YKX was −4.7 kcal/mol and the binding energy of bacteriocin and luxS protein was −183.701 kcal/mol. The expression of the luxS gene increased significantly after being cocultured with plantaricin YKX, suggesting that plantaricin YKX can affect the QS system of S. aureus.     

Single-Stage Extraction and Separation of Co2+ from Ni2+ Using Ionic Liquid of [C4H9NH3][Cyanex 272]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions for separating Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ using N-butylamine phosphinate ionic liquid of [C₄H₉NH₃][Cyanex 272]. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of the initial pH, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the separation factor of Co²⁺ from sulfuric acid solution containing Ni²⁺. The concentrations of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in an aqueous solution were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 3.7, an extraction time of 55.8 min, and an extraction temperature of 330.4 K. The separation factor of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ under optimized extraction conditions was 66.1, which was very close to the predicted value of 67.2, and the error was 1.7%. The equation for single-stage extraction with high reliability can be used for optimizing the multi-stage extraction process of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺. The stoichiometry of chemical reaction for ion-exchange extraction was also investigated using the slope method.     

硫酸盐渍土在单向升温时的室内融沉试验研究

硫酸盐渍土的融沉是造成地基二次破坏的主要原因。为了探究不同含盐量和含水率在单向升温条件下硫酸盐渍土的融沉规律,以宁夏地区硫酸盐渍土为研究对象开展室内融沉试验。结果表明：(1)硫酸盐渍土的融沉可根据环境温度的不同分为三个阶段：升温初期（-24℃~5℃）,融沉率增长较缓;升温中期（5℃~20℃）,融沉率增长速率显著;升温后期（20℃~24℃）,在含盐量较低时融沉率趋于稳定,含盐量较高时增长幅度渐缓;(2)含水率低于最优含水率时,2%含盐量土体在升温中期融沉率达到最大,而含水率高于最优含水率时,5%含盐量土体在升温后期融沉率达到最大;(3)含盐量较低（<2%）时,最大融沉率随含盐量增大而增大;含盐量较高（>2%）时,融沉率因含水率的高低呈现两种不同的变化趋势：含水率小于最优含水率的土体最大融沉率开始下降并趋向于稳定,而大于最优含水率的土体最大融沉率继续缓慢增加;(4)建立的最大融沉率预测模型与试验值有较好的拟合效果,可用于硫酸盐渍土融沉率的预测和评价。     

E36船板钢连续冷却转变行为研究

在THERMECMASTOR-Z热模拟实验机上测定了E36船板钢的连续冷却转变曲线,利用光学显微镜对钢组织进行了观察,并利用维氏硬度计对E36钢硬度进行了测定.结果表明,试验钢奥氏体向铁素体转变温度在785～590℃范围内.当冷却速率小于20℃/s时,随着冷却速率的增快,E36钢晶粒度增加较为明显;而当冷却速率大于20℃/s时,E36钢晶粒度变化趋于平缓.当冷却速率小于20℃/s和大于60℃/s时,E36钢维氏硬度值增加较大;而当冷却速率在20～60℃/s范围时,E36钢维氏硬度的变化趋于平缓.     

民勤绿洲沙源分析

通过对巴丹吉林沙漠、腾格里沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠和民勤绿洲地表沙样的微量元素测定,用标准化方法建立三源混合模型示踪民勤地表流动沙丘物源．结果表明,民勤南、北2区流动沙丘具有多源特征,混合物源为7：2：1时（巴丹吉林沙漠、腾格里沙漠与乌兰布和沙漠的比值）,与民勤南部的标准化模型相对一致;混合物源为5：4：1时与民勤北部标准化模型相对一致,微量元素示踪风成沉积物虽然有一定缺陷,但仍然不失为一种较理想的示踪手段．     

高粱“四,四,三”高产高效栽培技术

针对我省高粱高产高效栽培中存在的主要问题,结合近几年来高粱栽培研究的新成果, 通过实践,探索出了“四、四、三”高粱高产高效综合配套栽培技术。该技术操作简便,省工实用,成本低, 效益高。文章对主要技术措施及原理进行了阐述。