X-RAY STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF DES-PENTAPEPTIDE INSULIN AT 2.4  RESOLUTION——SOLUTION OF THE PHASE PROBLEM USING THE ANOMALOUS SCATTERING OF CADMIUM AND THE DERIVATION OF A MODEL STRUCTURE

The three dimensional structure of des-pentaptide insulin has been solved at a resolu-tion of 2.4A. The structure determination was achieved without the use of heavy atom de-rivatives, by using only the phase information obtained from the seattering (both real andimaginary) of X-rays by cadmium ions present in the native crystal. Using this phase in-formation, a map, with figure of merit 0.56, was produced which enabled an initial modelof the protein to be constructed. Because of the novelty of this approach to the solutionof the phase problem the procedures used are explained in some detail.     

Introduction of heteroatom-based substituents into 1,4-dihydropyridines by means of a halogen-mediated, oxidative protocol: diamination, sulfonylation, sulfinylation, bis-sulfanylation, and halo-phosphonylation processes

The natural tendency of 1,4-dihydropyridines to undergo "biomimetic" oxidation to afford pyridinium salts can be switched off and, through the use of reagents that interact electrophilically with the enamine moiety present in the heterocyclic system, it is possible to promote alternative oxidations. In this way, efficient regio- and stereocontrolled synthetic methods have been developed that lead to diversely substituted di- and tetrahydropyridines. These include iodoazidation, diamination, bis-sulfonamidation, sulfonylation, sulfinylation, thiocyanation, sulfanylation, bis-sulfanylation, and halo-phosphonylation processes.     

Constituents of holothuroidea.9. Isolation and structure of a new ganglioside molecular species from the sea cucumber Holothuria pervicax

A new ganglioside molecular species, HPG-7 (1) was obtained from the polar fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber, Holothuria pervicax. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structure of 1 was determined, and the major component was 1-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl) - (2-->11)-(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->4)-(N-acetyl -alpha-D- neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2- hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-14-methyl-hexadecane-1,3,4-triol. This is the first report on the isolation and structure elucidation of trisialo-ganglioside from sea cucumber. 1 showed neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cell.     

Aerosol formation and reaction pathways of atmospheric oxidation of dimethylsulfide

This paper concerns with three series of experiments about dimethylsulfide gas phase oxidation, carried out at increasing NOx level (< 20 ppb, 1 ppm, 10 ppm) to show the relation between the amounts of nitrogen oxides and the molar yields of sulfur containing products. DMSO, DMSO2, HCHO, HCOOH and SO2 were found as main reaction products. From these experiments and from preceding studies, a sensitive decrease in the quantity of total sulfur products in aerosol phase is underlined. This result derives from the reaction of NOx with CH3S(O)O2 and CH3S(O)OO radicals, which leads to stable intermediates as methylsulphonylperoxynitrate, MSPN, with a characteristic PAN-like structure.     

2.4分辨率去五肽胰岛素结构的X射线研究——DPI分子及其同胰岛素的关系

本文描述了单体胰岛素类似物去五肽(B26—B30)胰岛素的结构。同三方二锌胰岛素结构的详细比较说明,DPI虽然在结构上有一些大的改变,但是基本的二级结构单位仍然完整地保持着。像胰岛素的其他晶形那样,DPI结构比较接近于二锌胰岛素结构中的分子Ⅰ。除了结构表面的改变之外,在分子中心还有一些微妙和广泛的改变。分子在晶体中紧密地堆积,有着许多不同的接触,包括蛋白质-镉相互作用的复合网及大量以水为媒介的接触。分子表面大批疏水基团绕蛋白质群集而成一厚带。晶体结构具有良好的有序性,某些侧链的清晰度和水分子的确定性优于在更具活动性的三方二锌胰岛素六体晶体所得的结果。     

四环三萜烷的一个新系列生物标志物——羊毛甾烷(C_(30)-C_(32))

一个新系列四环三萜烷C_(30)—C_(32)羊毛甾烷,于中国中部泌阳凹陷的第三系地层中检出。这些化合物通过GC,GC—MS以及与合成标样共标共注,确定为8β(H),9α(H)-羊毛甾烷(C_(30)),24-甲基羊毛甾烷(C_(31))和24-乙基羊毛甾烷(C_(32))。本文讨论了这些生物标志物的可能形成机制以及地质命运。     

Evaluation of parameters critical to observing proteins inside living Escherichia coli by in-cell NMR spectroscopy

Our recently developed in-cell NMR procedure now enables one to observe protein conformations inside living cells. Optimization of the technique demonstrates that distinguishing the signals produced by a single protein species depends critically on protein overexpression levels and the correlation time in the cytoplasm. Less relevant is the selective incorporation of (15)N. Poorly expressed proteins, insoluble proteins, and proteins that cannot tumble freely due to associations within the cell cannot yet be observed. We show in-cell NMR spectra of bacterial NmerA and human calmodulin and discuss limitations of the technique as well as prospects for future applications.     

Enantioseparations using capillary electromigration techniques in nonaqueous buffers

This review summarizes recent developments in the field of enantioseparations in capillary electromigration techniques using nonaqueous background electrolytes. The more established and rather intensively reviewed field of nonaqueous chiral capillary electrophoresis (NAQ-CE) is covered in less detail whereas more attention is paid to the relatively new field of nonaqueous capillary electrochromatography (NAQ-CEC).