全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13565篇 |
免费 | 1518篇 |
国内免费 | 1569篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6316篇 |
晶体学 | 95篇 |
力学 | 543篇 |
综合类 | 111篇 |
数学 | 1027篇 |
物理学 | 2913篇 |
综合类 | 5647篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 69篇 |
2023年 | 235篇 |
2022年 | 413篇 |
2021年 | 458篇 |
2020年 | 443篇 |
2019年 | 383篇 |
2018年 | 348篇 |
2017年 | 346篇 |
2016年 | 493篇 |
2015年 | 497篇 |
2014年 | 706篇 |
2013年 | 868篇 |
2012年 | 967篇 |
2011年 | 1014篇 |
2010年 | 737篇 |
2009年 | 787篇 |
2008年 | 907篇 |
2007年 | 838篇 |
2006年 | 671篇 |
2005年 | 670篇 |
2004年 | 524篇 |
2003年 | 394篇 |
2002年 | 444篇 |
2001年 | 369篇 |
2000年 | 319篇 |
1999年 | 343篇 |
1998年 | 344篇 |
1997年 | 307篇 |
1996年 | 278篇 |
1995年 | 257篇 |
1994年 | 221篇 |
1993年 | 193篇 |
1992年 | 173篇 |
1991年 | 149篇 |
1990年 | 123篇 |
1989年 | 108篇 |
1988年 | 90篇 |
1987年 | 58篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Interaction of tetrandrine with human serum albumin: a fluorescence quenching study. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Chun Wang Qiu-Hua Wu Cai-Rui Li Zhi Wang Jing-Jun Ma Xiao-Huan Zang Na-Xin Qin 《Analytical sciences》2007,23(4):429-433
The interaction of tetrandrine with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by measuring fluorescence quenching spectra, synchronous fluorescence spectra and ultra-violet spectra. The fluorescence quenching spectra of HSA in the presence of tetrandrine showed that tetrandrine quenched the fluorescence of HSA. The quenching constants of tetrandrine on HSA were determined using the Stern-Volmer equation. Static quenching and non-radiation energy transfer were the two main reasons leading to the fluorescence quenching of HSA by tetrandrine. According to the F?rster theory of non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distances (r) and the binding constants (K(A)) were obtained. The thermodynamic parameters obtained in this study revealed that the interaction between tetrandrine and HSA was mainly driven by a hydrophobic force. The conformational changes of HSA were investigated by synchronous spectrum studies. 相似文献
42.
Cao Ning-Jun Xu Qin Chen Chee-Shan Gong C. S. Chen L. F. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1994,(1):521-530
Cellulose gel with < 10% of crystallinity was prepared by treatment of microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel, with zinc chloride
solution at a ratio of zinc chloride to cellulose from 1.5 to 18 (w/w). The presence of zinc ions in the cellulose gels enhanced
the rate of hydrolysis and glucose yield. The evidence obtained from X-ray diffraction, iodine absorption experiments; and
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra analysis suggested the presence of zinc-cellulose complex after Avicel was treated with
zinc chloride. Zinc-cellulose complex was more susceptible to hydrolysis than amorphous cellulose. Under the experimental
condition, cellulose gels with zinc ions were hyrolyzed to glucose with 95% theoretical yield and a concentration of 14% (w/v)
by cellulases within 20 h. The same gel was hydrolyzed by acid to glucose with 91.5% yield and a concentration of 13.4% (w/v). 相似文献
43.
Lei He Hui‐Min Liu Xiao‐Lan Luo Wen‐Qin Zhang 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(2):o104-o106
The title compound, 2‐{N‐[2‐(2‐hydroxybenzamido)ethylammonioethyl]aminocarbonyl}phenolate, C18H21N3O4, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form as a result of intermolecular proton transfer and possesses a negatively charged phenolate group and a protonated amino group. The 2‐hydroxybenzamide and 2‐(aminocarbonyl)phenolate moieties attached to the two ends of the C—C—N—C—C backbone adopt a cis conformation in relation to this backbone. All N‐ and O‐bound H atoms are involved in hydrogen‐bond formation; the zwitterions are first linked into head‐to‐tail dimers, which are further organized into a two‐dimensional network parallel to the crystallographic bc plane. 相似文献
44.
Zou Q Bennion BJ Daggett V Murphy KP 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2002,124(7):1192-1202
Trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) is a naturally occurring osmolyte that stabilizes proteins and offsets the destabilizing effects of urea. To investigate the molecular mechanism of these effects, we have studied the thermodynamics of interaction between TMAO and protein functional groups. The solubilities of a homologous series of cyclic dipeptides were measured by differential refractive index and the dissolution heats were determined calorimetrically as a function of TMAO concentration at 25 degrees C. The transfer free energy of the amide unit (-CONH-) from water to 1 M TMAO is large and positive, indicating an unfavorable interaction between the TMAO solution and the amide unit. This unfavorable interaction is enthalpic in origin. The interaction between TMAO and apolar groups is slightly favorable. The transfer free energy of apolar groups from water to TMAO consists of favorable enthalpic and unfavorable entropic contributions. This is in contrast to the contributions for the interaction between urea and apolar groups. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide a structural framework for the interpretation of these results. The simulations show enhancement of water structure by TMAO in the form of a slight increase in the number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule, stronger water hydrogen bonds, and long-range spatial ordering of the solvent. These findings suggest that TMAO stabilizes proteins via enhancement of water structure, such that interactions with the amide unit are discouraged. 相似文献
45.
Qin B Lin J Lin Z Ren H Xue Y 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2005,61(4):717-720
The vibration spectrum and FAB mass spectrum of (+/-)-1-[3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl]piperazine dihydrochloride salt was studied. By comparing with the spectra of free base, different bands of IR were found in the NH+ stretching, the NH+ deformation motion, the CH2 of NCH2 group symmetric stretching, the CH2 of N-CH2 group twisting and the CN stretching. FAB shows the basic peak is M + H. Other m/e peaks are consistent with the structure. 相似文献
46.
The geometric and electronic structures of FeS(2) (100) surface have been studied by a quantum-mechanical calculation using a total-energy pseudopotential code, CASTEP. The (100) surface is very stable and does not give any significant geometric relaxation. The electronic structure of FeS(2) (100) surface is characterized by the appearance of new native surface states in the bulk band gap, which correspond to antibonding mixed Fea-Ssp(3) states. These surface states play an important role as mediators of electron transfer on both anodic and cathodic sites in the incipient oxidation of pyrite. Moreover, the (100) surface has small band gaps and shows some metallic character. It is predicted that the rate of cathodic reductive reaction of O(2) in the incipient oxidation of pyrite is much faster than previously considered. The transport of electrons from the anodic sites to the cathodic sites on the (100) surface is faster and hole injection of anodic sites is not the rate-determining step. So we can deduce that the rate-determining step of incipient oxidation for pyrite consists of both electron transfer of pyrite/aqueous O(2) interface and the splitting of H(2)O. 相似文献
47.
Reaction of an arylacetylene with an azide in hot water gave 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields, while similar reaction between a terminal aliphatic alkyne and an azide (except m-nitroazidobenzene) afforded a mixture of regioisomers with the ratio of 1,4- to 1,5-isomers ranging from 3:1 to 28.6:1. Reactions of m-nitroazidobenzene with either arylalkynes or aliphatic alkynes formed only 1,4-disubstituted derivatives in excellent yields. 相似文献
48.
在非时齐马氏决策过程中的动态贝叶斯网络研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出了用动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)对非时齐马氏决策系统进行建模的改进方法,使动态贝叶斯网络能被更广泛地应用于各种复杂的真实系统中.该方法的基本思路是,将扩展后的隐藏变量引入DBN的演化过程来建立假设条件所要求的马尔可夫模型,给出从不完整的样本数据集以及存在隐藏变量时来学习DBN结构的算法,进而用贝叶斯概率统计方法对后来的时间片的充分统计因子进行估计,并通过当前已存在的和估计的充分统计因子对基于时间变化的转移概率进行学习,以解决假设条件要求的转移概率的时不变性.原理性分析和仿真实验结果也验证了改进方法的有效性. 相似文献
49.
针对锰的氧化态多样、颜色变化丰富的特点,引导学生重点对锰(Ⅵ)和锰(Ⅲ)的生成与歧化反应的转化条件进行了试验,对试剂用量、反应温度、溶液pH值等影响反应方向与现象的因素进行了探讨,并对研究性实验教学问题浅述见解。 相似文献
50.
Matlab软件与专业课程的整合教学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了面向科学与工程计算的高级语言Matlab教学模式研究的现状,提出在搞好基础教学的同时,将Matlab的教育整合到其他专业课程教学中,探索了Matlab与专业教学整合的必要性、内涵、教学原则、模式等,并就如何实施高级语言的教学与各学科课程的整合提出作者自己的看法。 相似文献