脉冲功率晶闸管反向恢复特性

为建立有效的晶闸管模型来仿真晶闸管关断时过电压,减小晶闸管过压损坏的概率,以最大通流150 kA、耐压5.2 kV的脉冲晶闸管为研究对象,将其前置于脉冲形成单元回路中作为大功率开关使用,记录放电过程中晶闸管两端电压及电流。实验数据表明：恢复过程中的电流下降率、反向恢复电荷、反向恢复电流峰值随通态电流峰值的增大而增大,晶闸管关断时间随通态电流峰值的增大而减小。此外,在关断过程中,当电流下降率在-50~1000 A/s时,电流下降率与电流峰值为线性关系。因此,在大脉冲电流条件下,推导反向恢复过程参数与通态电流参数的关系时电流下降率可用与电流峰值的线性关系代替。基于Matlab仿真平台,建立了具有反向恢复过程的脉冲晶闸管模型。该模型仿真得到的晶闸管反向恢复电流峰值与实测结果较为吻合,反向恢复电压尚待进一步修正。     

双平衡式探测在激光测速仪中的应用研究

为了增大激光多普勒测速仪的测量距离,设计了基于马赫-曾德尔环形结构的双平衡式探测接收系统来提高灵敏度。基于平衡探测光电流的表达式,推导了平衡探测系统信噪比的表达式并对相关因素进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明：在相同光信号输入条件下,当两个探测器的量子效率比值在(0.236,1)之间时,平衡探测系统的信噪比高于普通相干探测系统的信噪比,并且当探测器量子效率相等时,信噪比最大。最后通过实验验证量子系数的比值对信噪比的影响。,     

氢氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料的电荷衰减特性

环氧树脂电气绝缘性能优良, 但是其在脉冲功率设备中充当绝缘子时, 表面容易带电且不易衰减, 当表面电荷集聚到一定的程度会造成局部放电甚至发展为沿面闪络。为了提高环氧树脂的沿面闪络性能, 用中心粒径为1 m的氢氧化铝(ATH)无机填料来改善环氧树脂复合材料的表面性能。分别制备了ATH填料质量分数为0%(纯环氧) , 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%和100%的ATH/环氧树脂复合材料试样。用电声脉冲法研究了ATH填料对环氧树脂复合材料电荷衰减性能的影响, 对比了试样直流极化场强为10 kV/mm和30 kV/mm的试验结果。结果表明：ATH/环氧树脂复合材料电荷的衰减常数不仅与填料的质量分数有关, 而且与试样的带电量有关。     

硫化钴改性石墨炔构建S型异质结高效光催化产氢

石墨炔(GDY,g-CnH2n-2)作为一种新型的由sp和sp2杂化的碳原子构成的二维碳材料,因其独特的纳米级孔隙、二维层状共轭骨架结构及半导体性质等特性,使之在能源、电化学、光催化、光学、电子学等诸多领域具有显著优势.它作为一种具有良好的层状结构的新型碳材料,其可调节的电子结构弥补了石墨烯无明显带隙的缺点,有望在光催...     

Proteomic Insights into Cardiac Fibrosis: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic process in nearly all forms of heart disease which refers to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by cardiac fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, and fibrotic remodelling can cause several cardiac dysfunctions either by reducing the ejection fraction due to a stiffened myocardial matrix, or by impairing electric conductance. Recently, there is a rising focus on the proteomic studies of cardiac fibrosis for pathogenesis elucidation and potential biomarker mining. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis, discusses the potential of imaging and circulating biomarkers available to recognize different phenotypes of this lesion, reviews the currently available and potential future therapies that allow individualized management in reversing progressive fibrosis, as well as the recent progress on proteomic studies of cardiac fibrosis. Proteomic approaches using clinical specimens and animal models can provide the ability to track pathological changes and new insights into the mechanisms underlining cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, spatial and cell-type resolved quantitative proteomic analysis may also serve as a minimally invasive method for diagnosing cardiac fibrosis and allowing for the initiation of prophylactic treatment.     

The Role of Taraxacum mongolicum in a Puccinellia tenuiflora Community under Saline–Alkali Stress

Coexisting salt and alkaline stresses seriously threaten plant survival. Most studies have focused on halophytes; however, knowledge on how plants defend against saline–alkali stress is limited. This study investigated the role of Taraxacum mongolicum in a Puccinellia tenuiflora community under environmental saline–alkali stress to analyse the response of elements and metabolites in T. mongolicum, using P. tenuiflora as a control. The results show that the macroelements Ca and Mg are significantly accumulated in the aboveground parts (particularly in the stem) of T. mongolicum. Microelements B and Mo are also accumulated in T. mongolicum. Microelement B can adjust the transformation of sugars, and Mo contributes to the improvement in nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolomic results demonstrate that T. mongolicum leads to decreased sugar accumulation and increased amounts of amino acids and organic acids to help plants resist saline–alkali stress. The resource allocation of carbon (sugar) and nitrogen (amino acids) results in the accumulation of only a few phenolic metabolites (i.e., petunidin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) in T. mongolicum. These phenolic metabolites help to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species. Our study primarily helps in understanding the contribution of T. mongolicum in P. tenuiflora communities on coping with saline–alkali stress.     

Ultrabright AIEdots with tunable narrow emission for multiplexed fluorescence imaging

AIEgen doped fluorescent nanodots (AIEdots) have attracted lots of attention, due to their superior characteristics as fluorescent probes, such as excellent photostability, large Stokes shift, high brightness and tunable emission. Unfortunately, most of the currently available AIEdots exhibit broad emission bandwidth, which limits their applications in multiplexed fluorescence imaging and detection. In this work, the strategy of designing and fabricating narrow emissive AIEdots (NE-AIEdots) with tunable wavelengths was presented by constructing a light-harvesting system with high energy transfer efficiency. Efficient intra-particle energy transfer from highly doped AIEgens, serving as the light-harvesting antenna, to the lightly doped narrow emissive fluorophore, resulted in high brightness and narrow emission. The emission band of NE-AIEdots with the full-width-at-half-maximum varied from 18 to 36 nm was 3–6.3 times narrower than that of traditional AIEdots. The single-particle brightness of NE-AIEdots was over 5-times that of commercial quantum dots under the same excitation and collection conditions. Taking advantage of the superior performance of these NE-AIEdots, multiplexed fluorescence imaging of lymph nodes in living mice was realized, which supported the future applications of NE-AIEdots for in vivo multiplexed labeling and clinical surgery.

AIEdots with high brightness and narrow emission bandwidth were developed for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging.     

无破损测定纺织品中甲醛含量的方法研究

利用自主设计制造的甲醛吸收仪吸收纺织品中的甲醛,用分光光度法测定,建立了一种无破损检测纺织品中甲醛含量的新方法.该方法的定量下限（S/N=10）为10.9mg/kg,低于国家标准方法的最低检测浓度.最优化的测试条件：筒内温度45℃、转筒转速V＝12.5 r/min、吸收液（水）用量300 mL.结果表明：该实验方法用于较低浓度甲醛的测定方面较国家标准方法更加具有优越性.     

双股燃气射流在充液室内扩展特性的实验研究

为了探索高温高压双股燃气射流在整装式液体工质中的扩展特性,设计了五级圆柱渐扩型观察室和圆柱型观察室,借助数字高速录像系统,观察了双股燃气射流在充液室中的扩展过程,对比了不同的观察室边界以及不同的参数条件对双股燃气射流扩展过程的影响。实验结果表明,圆柱渐扩型观察室结构更有助于改善气液的掺混特性,通过参数的合理匹配可以一定程度上控制双股燃气射流在三维充液室中的扩展过程。     

改进加权支持向量机回归方法器件易损性评估

加权支持向量机回归算法,几乎都是以样本输入空间中的一个重要特征量的函数来确定权值,造成了在高维特征空间中作回归可能存在较大误差。针对这一问题,提出利用高维特征空间中的欧基里德距离来确定权值的方法,构造了一种改进的加权支持向量机回归算法,并将其应用到电子器件高功率微波易损性评估中。仿真结果表明：该方法具有比模糊神经网络法、标准支持向量机回归算法和一般的加权支持向量机回归算法更高的预测精度。由于增加了权值的计算过程,相对于标准支持向量机回归和模糊神经网络方法,该方法的效率较低,但与一般的加权支持向量机回归算法相当。