Effect of microstructure on molecular oxygen permeation through condensed phospholipid monolayers

A method is presented that allows novel measurement of the effect of microstructure on the oxygen permeability of highly condensed, polycrystalline phospholipid monolayers. Oxygen permeability of the polycrystalline shell coating a stationary microbubble is measured directly using an apposing microelectrode in the induced transfer mode and modeling oxygen flux through the shell and intervening aqueous medium. Varying cooling rate through the phospholipid main phase transition permits control of shell microstructure by manipulation of crystalline domain size and shape. Domain boundary density, defined as the ratio of the mean domain perimeter to the mean domain area, of the microbubble shell is determined by fluorescence microscopy. Oxygen permeability was shown to increase linearly with domain boundary density at a constant phospholipid acyl chain length and, accordingly, was shown to decrease exponentially with increasing chain length at a constant domain boundary density. Modification of the energy barrier theory to account for microstructural effects, in terms of the domain boundary density, provides a general equation to model passive transport through polycrystalline monolayer films. Results from this method show promise in determining the gas transport kinetics of medical microbubbles and the gas exchange characteristics of biological monolayers.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of two novel nickel (imidazole) complexes having hydrogen-bonded networks

Two nickel (imidazole) complexes, Ni(im)₆Cl₂·4H₂O (1) and Ni(im)₆(NO₃)₂ (2) (im=imidazole) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a=8.800(6) Å, b=9.081(6) Å, c=10.565(7) Å, =75.058(9)°, β=83.143(8)°, γ=61.722(8)°, V=718.3(8) Å³, Z=1 and R₁ (wR₂)=0.0469 (0.1497). 2 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3 with a=12.370(6) Å, b=12.370(6) Å, c=14.782(14) Å, =90.00°, β=90.00°, γ=120.00°, V=1959(2) Å³, Z=3 and R₁ (wR₂)=0.0358 (0.0955). 1 and 2 exhibit different supramolecular network due to their different counter anions and different hydrogen bonding connection. In compound 1, [Ni(im)₆]²⁺ cation and counter anions Cl⁻ alternatively array in an ABAB fashion via N–HCl hydrogen bonding. In compound 2, the plane of each NO₃²⁻ is almost parallel and each NO₃²⁻ connect three different [Ni(im)₆]²⁺ cations via N–HO hydrogen bonding.     

Multiple hydrogen bonds tuning guest/host excited-state proton transfer reaction: its application in molecular recognition

A molecular recognition concept exploiting multiple-hydrogen-bond fine-tuned excited-state proton-transfer (ESPT) was conveyed using 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobis(pyrido[3,2-g]indolo)[2,3-a:3',2'-j]acridine (1a). The catalytic type 1a/carboxylic acids hydrogen-bonding (HB) complexes undergo ultrafast ESPT, resulting in an anomalously large Stokes shifted tautomer emission (lambdamax approximately 600 nm). Albeit forming a quadruple HB complex, ESPT is prohibited in the noncatalytic-type 1a/urea complexes (lambdamax approximately 430 nm). The HB configuration tuning ESPT properties lead to a feasible design for sensing multiple-HB-site analytes of biological interest.     

工艺规划中的组合优化问题

为了解决在工艺规划的诸多环节（如工步排序、机床负荷分配、切削参数选择等）普遍存在的组合优化问题，在分析传统方法缺陷的基础上，把一种先进的优化算法——模拟退火算法应用到工艺规划中，并针对加工中心上工步排序这一典型问题，建立组合优化数学模型，对该算法在工艺规划中的运用机理作了详细论述。结果表明，该算法把概率引入到启发式方法中，避免了陷入局部最优点的缺陷，在优化结果和计算时间方面都有明显优于常规方法，有效地提高了工艺规划系统的优化能力。     

DRDOS攻击及其防范

DOS攻击是一种常见、有效而简单的网络攻击技术,而且DOS攻击的手法也在不断发展,现已出现了威胁更大的DDOS和DRDOS。主要介绍了DDOS和DRDOS攻击的概念和原理,并提出了针对整个系统的防范对策。     

格利斯比色法用于亚硝酸盐检测的可靠性论证

分析亚硝酸盐定量检测的重要方法-格利斯比色法的可靠性。弱酸条件下,亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酸形成重氮盐再与N-1-萘乙二胺反应后,以分光光度法测定亚硝酸盐含量。该法检出限为5ng／mL,亚硝酸盐氮浓度在10～400ng／mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0．9997,回收率为104％,相对标准偏差为1．14％。亚硝酸盐氮浓度大于80μg／mL时出现假阴性。该方法较α-萘胺比色法显色稳定且简便实用,但应用时要避免假阴性错误。     

Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Fe–Co Bimetallic Oxide Nanosheets for Separator Modification of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The shuttle effect is understood to be the most significant issue that needs to be solved to improve the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. In this study, ultrathin two-dimensional Fe–Co bimetallic oxide nanosheets were prepared using graphene as a template, which could rapidly catalyze the conversion of polysulfides and inhibit the shuttle effect. Additionally, such ultrathin nanostructures based on graphene provided sufficient active sites and fast diffusion pathways for lithium ions. Taking into account the aforementioned benefits, the ultrathin two-dimensional Fe–Co bimetallic oxide nanosheets modified separator assembled lithium–sulfur batteries delivered an incredible capacity of 1044.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and retained an excellent reversible capacity of 859.4 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Even under high loading, it still achieved high area capacity and good cycle stability (92.6% capacity retention).     

艾氏卡试剂消化硫酸钡比浊法测定膨胀石墨中的硫含量

为了简便、准确、快速地测定膨胀石墨中的硫含量,建立了用艾氏卡试剂消化样品、硫酸钡比浊法测定硫含量的方法.实验确定艾氏卡试剂与膨胀石墨最佳物质的量比为1:15,焙烧温度为850℃;比浊法中测试液的pH=1.0,质量分数为5%的聚乙烯醇分散剂和无水乙醇助稳定荆的用量分别为2.0 mL和3.0 mL;稳定10 min后,在460 nm下和0.1～5.0 mg内,硫酸钡的吸光度符合朗伯-比尔定律;方法平均回收率分别为101.2%(ZnS)和99.5%(Na2SO4),相对标准偏差均不超过3.0%.方法操作简便、准确,能快速测定膨胀石墨中的硫含量.