Loss and non-linearity saturation effects on the bistability of non-linear distributed feedback structures

We investigate theoretically the effects of optical absorption and saturation of the non-linear index of refraction on the bistability of non-linear distributed feedback structures (NLDFBs). By assuming that the Kerr non-linearity saturates in an exponential fashion, we obtain for the first time closed-form expressions for the so-called self-phase and cross-phase modulation terms. Our investigation shows that both absorption and, in particular, saturation significantly affect the bistable properties of this structure and in many cases eliminate this response completely. In some cases, however, saturation alters the NLDFB's transfer characteristics in a potentially useful manner. We find that weak levels of saturation may increase the contrast ratio between the intensities of the high and low bistable states. At increasing levels of saturation, where bistability is no longer observed, we find regimes where the NLDFB structure could possibly be used for optical amplification. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mössbauer study of Martian regolith analogues

Terrestrial basalt rocks considered to be a good analogues of the Martian regolith were studied by using the Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The weathering of basalts was followed by the changes of the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio. The basalt rock undergoes alteration from primary mineral composition (olivine+pyroxene+plagioclase) through smectite to kaolinite clay with oxides and hydroxides with the increase of the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio.     

Inclusion of transverse quark momenta in the quark-gluon string model

The dependence of distribution functions of quarks, antiquarks, diquarks and their fragmentation into hadrons on the transverse momentumk _t is discussed in the frame of the quark-gluon string model. We then discuss the division ofk _t between 2n-quark-antiquark chains, orn-pomeron showers. Hadron and hadron-nuclear processesp?p,p?A,K ⁺?p,K ⁺?A are analysed. A strong dependence of the observed values on the numbern is derived by this method, which is of special importance for the analysis of hadron-nucleus collisions. Our method is compared with the regulark _t division method.     

Real time estimation of CO2 laser weld quality for automotive industry

Laser welding is one of the most precise welding processes in joining sheet metals. In laser welding, performing real time evaluation of the welding quality is very important to enhance the efficiency of the welding process. In this study, the plasma and spatter, which are generated during laser welding, are measured using UV and IR photodiodes. The factors that influence weld quality are classified into five categories; optimal heat input, slightly low heat input, low heat input, partial joining due to gap mismatch, and nozzle deviation. The data number deviated from reference signals and their standard deviations were also considered to evaluate the qualities. A system was also formulated to perform real time evaluations of the weld quality using a fuzzy multi-feature pattern recognition with the measured signals.     

Antiferromagnetic and superconducting states in the three-band two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model

The three-band two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model in the formalism of the temperature Green function is investigated. The applicability of the weak coupling approach at the values of the dimensionless coupling constant U/t≈10–11 is justified. The normal state, the antiferromagnetic state with Neel magnetic ordering on the “copper” sublattice, and the superconducting state with nontrivial Cooper pairing in channels with odd angular momenta are studied. The possibility of other magnetic states in the model is discussed. Bibliography: 20 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 209, 1994, pp. 194–228. Translated by K. Malyshev.     

The signature theorem and some related questions

Some corollaries of the Hirzebruch-Thom signature theorem are discussed. The multiplicativity of the signature and the naturalness of the Pontryagin classes for coverings in the case of ℚ-homology manifolds is proved. A geometric proof of Hirzebruch’s well-known “functional equation” for the virtual signature is outlined. Bibliography: 25 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 231, 1995, pp. 197–209. Translated by N. Yu. Netsvetaev.