Linker engineering in metal–organic frameworks for dark photocatalysis

Dark reactions featuring continuous activity under light off conditions play a critical role in natural photosynthesis. However, most artificial photocatalysts are inactive upon the removal of the light source, and the artificial photocatalysts with dark photocatalysis abilities have been rarely explored. Herein, we report a Ti-based metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL-125, exhibiting the capability of dark photocatalytic hydrogen production. Remarkably, the introduction of different functional groups onto the linkers enables distinctly different activities of the resulting MOFs (MIL-125-X, X = NH₂, NO₂, Br). Dynamic and thermodynamic investigations indicate that the production and lifetime of the Ti³⁺ intermediate are the key factors, due to the electron-donating/-withdrawing effect of the functional groups. As far as we know, this is the first report on dark photocatalysis over MOFs, providing new insights into the storage of irradiation energy and demonstrating their great potential in dark photocatalysis due to the great MOF diversity.

A Ti-based MOF with long-lived Ti³⁺ can achieve dark photocatalysis. The different groups on the organic linker modulate electron storage ability and the lifetime of Ti³⁺, significantly regulating dark photocatalytic activity in H₂ production.     

ACTIVE CONTROL OF A FLEXIBLE CANTILEVER PLATE WITH MULTIPLE TIME DELAYS

Active control of a flexible cantilever plate with multiple time delays is investigated using the discrete optimal control method. A controller with multiple time delays is presented. In this controller, time delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model of the dynamic system throughout the control design and no approximations and assumptions are made in the controller derivation, so the system stability is easily guaranteed. Furthermore, this controller is available for both small time delays and large time delays. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed controller are verified through numerical simulations in the end of this paper.     

Investigation on the scattering effect of ceramic Nd:YAG

This paper investigates the scattering effect of domestic 0.5 at{\%} ceramic Nd:YAG. An effective method has been utilized to measure the scattering and absorption coefficients. An end-pumped continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG ceramic laser was also demonstrated. A maximum output power of 6.7~W at 1064~nm was obtained at an 808-nm pump power of 32.9~W. Conversion efficiency and slope efficiency have been achieved. This indicates that scattering has an important effect on the optical performance of ceramic Nd:YAG.     

Simulation of a 2-site Langmuir model for characterizing the sorption capacity of Cs and Se in crushed mudrock under various ionic strength effects

The sorption capacity of cesium (Cs) and selenium (Se) in crushed mudrock was demonstrated in this study through a 2-site Langmuir model. To employ such a numerical analysis, batch tests were applied in this study in synthetic seawater and groundwater with sorption/desorption kinetic experiments (time-dependent) and different concentrations (10^?2–10^?7 M). The 2-site sorption models, which correspond to two rate constants (λ ₁ and λ ₂), might be more adequate than 1-site sorption models in characterizing Cs and Se sorption/desorption according to the least square errors between the numerical analysis and the results of the batch tests. The fitting results showed that a 2-site Langmuir model is capable of appropriately describing Cs and Se sorption in mudrock. Consequently, the sorption capacity was calculated at about 0.06 mol/kg for Cs and at 0.015 mol/kg for Se.     

Facile filling of metal particles in small carbon nanotubes for catalysis

A versatile wet chemistry method is developed for filling of subnanometer sized metal particles in carbon nanotubes with a diameter smaller than 1.5 nm. As an example, we showed that a confined bi-component Pd-V catalyst exhibit a higher benzene hydroxylation activity compared with that within multi-walled carbon nanotubes.     

基于模糊粗糙集的层次分类增量特征选择

随着大数据时代的到来,数据的类标签数量急剧增加,对现有的分类任务带来了严峻的挑战。为了解决这个问题,人们通常将标签组织成层次结构,使用结构中所包含的信息来对任务进行学习。考虑样本的不断增加,使用模糊粗糙集信息熵设计了一种面向层次分类的增量特征选择算法。考虑兄弟策略,将现有的λ条件熵推广到了层次分类的情形,设计了一种非增量的层次分类特征选择算法,设计了λ增量条件熵,基于此设计了增量版本的特征选择算法。在实验中,采用了包括非增量版本在内的7种不同的特征选择算法在5个层次数据集上与增量算法进行比较,实验结果验证了2种算法的有效性,并且所设计的增量算法能在不影响性能的情况下加快特征选择的进程。     

Polymeric ytterbium(ii) complex with pyridyl amido ligands

The reaction of potassium pyridyl amido ligand {L = [N(R)(2-C5H3N-6-Me)]–, R = CH2But} with YbI2(thf)2 afforded the linear polymeric complex [K0.5(L)3YbiiK0.5]n, which was characterized by X-ray structure analysis.     

北京自由电子激光最近进展──实现饱和振荡

北京自由电子激光(BFEL)装置于1993年底在10.68μm处实现了饱和振荡.输出激光能量为3mJ,饱和平顶宽度2μs.对应饱和振荡平均功率为210kW(宏脉冲),峰值功率约为20MW,比自发辐射高8个量级,单程小讯号净增益为24%,转换效率为0.45%,与理论预期结果相符.光束质量接近衍射极限.目前装置可工作于9-11μm.     

FNR-Ⅰ核磁共振波谱仪

基于自旋回波的原理研制成功了一台专用于分析磁性材料的核磁共振波谱仪。其工作频率为25-80MHz;输出功率10W,可用它在77-300°k范围测量铁磁材料的共振谱线,增强因数和自旋-自旋弛豫时间T₂;它也可用于测量非磁性固体的宽核磁共振谱线。