全文获取类型
收费全文 | 203307篇 |
免费 | 40630篇 |
国内免费 | 32654篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 92891篇 |
晶体学 | 1592篇 |
力学 | 9739篇 |
综合类 | 582篇 |
数学 | 17894篇 |
物理学 | 74422篇 |
综合类 | 79471篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 949篇 |
2023年 | 2613篇 |
2022年 | 3653篇 |
2021年 | 4071篇 |
2020年 | 4707篇 |
2019年 | 7350篇 |
2018年 | 7297篇 |
2017年 | 7867篇 |
2016年 | 9222篇 |
2015年 | 9551篇 |
2014年 | 10441篇 |
2013年 | 12644篇 |
2012年 | 13222篇 |
2011年 | 14705篇 |
2010年 | 16432篇 |
2009年 | 15987篇 |
2008年 | 9706篇 |
2007年 | 8926篇 |
2006年 | 7781篇 |
2005年 | 7725篇 |
2004年 | 8239篇 |
2003年 | 6488篇 |
2002年 | 5836篇 |
2001年 | 5672篇 |
2000年 | 4706篇 |
1999年 | 5896篇 |
1998年 | 5075篇 |
1997年 | 4828篇 |
1996年 | 5092篇 |
1995年 | 5069篇 |
1994年 | 5063篇 |
1993年 | 4865篇 |
1992年 | 4277篇 |
1991年 | 3820篇 |
1990年 | 3224篇 |
1989年 | 3155篇 |
1988年 | 2954篇 |
1987年 | 1956篇 |
1986年 | 1783篇 |
1985年 | 1312篇 |
1984年 | 1209篇 |
1983年 | 552篇 |
1982年 | 1051篇 |
1981年 | 847篇 |
1980年 | 855篇 |
1979年 | 580篇 |
1978年 | 589篇 |
1977年 | 689篇 |
1976年 | 1094篇 |
1972年 | 559篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
181.
C. Ziegler F. Baudenbacher H. Karl H. Kinder W. Göpel 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1991,341(3-4):308-313
Summary The influence of different preparation conditions and substrate surface orientations on the superconducting properties of thin YBa2Cu3O7–x (YBCO) films on silicon was studied. Comparative electrical and surface spectroscopic measurements were performed. SAM and SIMS depth profile analysis show an enrichment of barium at the interface between the superconductor and silicon for samples with Tc<76 K. Comparison with XPS data obtained for thin silicon films on YBCO indicates the formation of barium and yttrium silicates at the interface under these conditions. 相似文献
182.
陈明华 《黔西南民族师范高等专科学校学报》2003,(4):72-74
通过对师专《有机化学实验》教材中干燥剂的选用,馏出液温度的选定和蒸馏时间的确定以及在减压蒸馏操作中“压强-沸点关系图”等几个问题的讨论,提出了解决的办法。 相似文献
183.
基于广义混沌同步的数字图像隐藏方案 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
基于广义混沌同步理论,提出了一种适于网络图像传输的隐藏数字图像的安全通讯方案.构造了一个六维广义混沌同步系统作为新方案的加密器,理论分析和计算机模拟说明本方案具有较高的保真度和较强的抗破译能力. 相似文献
184.
Sheng‐Huei Hsiao Chien‐Wei Chen Guey‐Sheng Liou 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(13):3302-3313
Two new diamines, 2,4‐diaminotriphenylamine ( 3 ) and N‐(2,4‐diaminophenyl)carbazole ( 4 ), were synthesized via the cesium fluoride‐mediated aromatic substitution reactions of 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene with diphenylamine and carbazole, followed by palladium‐catalyzed hydrazine reduction. Amorphous and soluble aramids having pendent diphenylamino and carbazolyl groups were prepared by the phosphorylation polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with diamines 3 and 4 , respectively. The aramids derived from diamine 3 had sufficiently high molecular weights to permit the casting of flexible and tough films. They exhibited excellent mechanical properties and moderately high softening temperatures in the 221–298 °C range. However, the reactions of diamine 4 with aromatic diacids gave relatively lower molecular weights products that could not afford flexible films. For a comparative purpose, the parent aramids derived from m‐phenylenediamine and aromatic diacids were also prepared and characterized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3302–3313, 2004 相似文献
185.
A novel copolymer, poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐2,6‐pyridylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P3 ), containing N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene and 2,6‐pyridylene chromophores was synthesized to investigate the effect of protonation, metal complexation, and chemical oxidation on its absorption and photoluminescence (PL). Poly(N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) and poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P2 ), consisting of 1,3‐divinylbenzene alternated with N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl and N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene, respectively, were also prepared for comparison. Electrochemical investigations revealed that P3 exhibited lower band gaps (2.34 eV) due to alternating donor and acceptor conjugated units (push–pull structure). The absorption and PL spectral variations of P3 were easily manipulated by protonation, metal chelation, and chemical oxidation. P3 displayed significant bathochromic shifts when protonated with trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform. The complexation of P3 with Fe3+ led to a significant absorption change and fluorescence quenching, and this implied the coordination of ferric ions with the 2,6‐pyridylene groups in the backbone. Moreover, both phenothiazylene‐containing P2 and P3 showed conspicuous PL quenching with a slight redshift when oxidized with NOBF4. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1272–1284, 2004 相似文献
186.
Zhitian Liu Lei Wang Junwu Chen Feng Wang Xiaoying Ouyang Yong Cao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(5):756-767
2,5‐Bis(2‐bromofluorene‐7‐yl)silole was prepared by a modified one‐pot synthesis with a reverse addition procedure, from which novel silole‐containing polyfluorenes with binary random and alternating structures (silole contents between 4.5 and 25% and high Mw up to 509 kDa were successfully synthesized. The well‐defined repeating unit of the alternating copolymer comprises a terfluorene and a silole ring. Optoelectronic properties including UV absorption, electrochemistry, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL) of the copolymers were examined. The different excitation energy transfers from fluorene to silole of the copolymers in solution and in the solid state were compared. The films of the copolymers showed silole‐dominant green emissions with high absolute PL quantum yields up to 83%. EL devices of the copolymers with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT/copolymer/Ba/Al displayed exclusive silole emissions peaked at around 543 nm and the highest EL efficiency was achieved with the alternating copolymer. Using the alternating copolymer and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) as the blend‐type emissive layer, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.99% (four times to that of the neat film) was realized, which was a high efficiency so far reported for silole‐containing polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 756–767, 2007 相似文献
187.
188.
For the NO molecule, modelled as a Morse oscillator, time-dependent (TD) nuclear Schr?dinger equation has been numerically
solved for the multiphoton vibrational dynamics of the molecule under a far-infrared laser of wavelength 10503 nm, and four
different intensities,I = 1 × 108, 1 × 1013, 5 × 1016, and 5 × 1018 W cm−2 respectively. Starting from the vibrational ground state at zero time, various TD quantities such as the norm, dissociation
probability, potential energy curve and dipole moment are examined. Rich high-harmonics generation (HHG) spectra and above-threshold
dissociation (ATD) spectra, due to the multiphoton interaction of vibrational motions with the laser field, and consequent
elevation to the vibrational continuum, have been obtained and analysed.
Dedicated to Professor C N R Rao on his 70th birthday
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
189.
190.