Information filtering in evolving online networks

Recommender systems use the records of users' activities and profiles of both users and products to predict users' preferences in the future. Considerable works towards recommendation algorithms have been published to solve the problems such as accuracy, diversity, congestion, cold-start, novelty, coverage and so on. However, most of these research did not consider the temporal effects of the information included in the users' historical data. For example, the segmentation of the training set and test set was completely random, which was entirely different from the real scenario in recommender systems. More seriously, all the objects are treated as the same, regardless of the new, the popular or obsoleted products, so do the users. These data processing methods always lose useful information and mislead the understanding of the system's state. In this paper, we detailed analyzed the difference of the network structure between the traditional random division method and the temporal division method on two benchmark data sets, Netflix and MovieLens. Then three classical recommendation algorithms, Global Ranking method, Collaborative Filtering and Mass Diffusion method, were employed. The results show that all these algorithms became worse in all four key indicators, ranking score, precision, popularity and diversity, in the temporal scenario. Finally, we design a new recommendation algorithm based on both users' and objects' first appearance time in the system. Experimental results showed that the new algorithm can greatly improve the accuracy and other metrics.     

Toxic effects of copper (II) ions on bovine hemoglobin

In this paper, the toxic influence of copper ions (II) on bovine hemoglobin was investigated by the combination of ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra. Driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, copper ions (II) could interact with bovine hemoglobin to form bovine hemoglobin-copper ions (II) complex with one binding site. The binding constant (K) was 1.57?×?10⁴, 1.89?×?10⁴ and 2.11?×?10⁴?L/mol at 298, 304, and 310?K, respectively. The binding distance (r) was 4.24?nm. Fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed that bovine hemoglobin quenched by copper ions (II) was a static quenching process. Results of synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that the microenvironment and the conformation of bovine hemoglobin were changed during the binding reaction. Data of circular dichroism spectra suggested that with the increasing concentration of copper ions (II), the secondary structure of bovine hemoglobin underwent a decrease in α-helix and alteration in backbone microenvironment. Copper ions (II) was thus evidenced to have a certain toxic effect on physical bodies.     

Oxygen consumption and chemisorption in low-temperature oxidation of sub-bituminous pulverized coal

Studying the effect of oxygen in coal oxidation is very important for understanding and controlling coal spontaneous combustion. However, the oxygen effect is not very easy to determine clearly due to the large effect of heat source on coal oxidation in temperature rising experiments. Here, focused on sub-bituminous coal, the oxygen effect was separated from coal oxidation by continuously measuring FTIR spectra of coal with respect to varying temperatures and under oxygen and nitrogen. The active groups’ real-time changes of coal oxidation, thermal treatment and oxygen effect were measured. The carboxylic ester and carboxyl units are the main functional groups that increase with temperatures increasing under oxygen and nitrogen, while the other functional groups decrease in quantity. The oxygen effect promoted the consumption of aliphatic hydrocarbons and hydroxyl groups and also promoted the formation of oxygen-containing groups (except hydroxyl). Four characteristic temperature stages involved in the oxygen effect and their key functional groups were identified. Simultaneously, the relationship of oxygen consumption and chemisorption in oxygen effect was analyzed. The starting temperature of oxygen chemisorption is between 50 and 60°C. The maximum contribution of oxygen effect was observed in methyl and methylene groups. These results are important for chemical control of coal spontaneous combustion. The oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbon should be controlled before oxygen chemisorption. The value of oxygen consumption between 70 and 80°C can be measured accurately due to the constant chemisorption rate, which help to identify the tendency for spontaneous combustion. These results will help in better understanding of the reaction mechanism of coal oxidation, especially the oxygen effect.     

Impact of silicon dopant on the absorption and Raman spectroscopy of metal clusters with seven atoms

The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of silicon-doped copper, silver, and gold clusters with D_5h symmetry and seven atoms have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. The global optimized structures of silicon-doped metal clusters are predicted to have a higher HOMO–LUMO gap and higher binding energy than nondoped metal clusters, and nondoped metal clusters have a higher magnetic moment than silicon-doped metal clusters. The silicon doping in metal clusters changes absorption strength and range of absorption wavelength. The silicon dopant also provides a significant impact on the absorption and Raman spectroscopy of nondoped metal clusters. The Raman activities of silicon-doped and nondoped metal clusters are helpful in determining the size and structure of the experimental clusters.     

Investigation of the near-threshold cluster resonance in ~(14)C

An experiment for p(~(14)C,~(14)C~*→~(10)Be+α)p inelastic excitation and decay was performed in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 25.3 Me V/u.A series of~(14)C excited states,including a new one at 18.3(1)Me V,were observed which decay to various states of the final nucleus of~(10)Be.A specially designed telescope system,installed around zero degrees,played an essential role in detecting the resonant states near theα-separation threshold.A state at 14.1(1)Me V is clearly identified,being consistent with the predicted band-head of the molecular rotational band characterized by theπ-bond linear chain configuration.Further clarification of the properties of this exotic state is suggested by using appropriate reaction tools.     

11 MeV能损型质子照相空间分辨能力模拟

透射质子的能损和散射角是质子照相成像模糊的主要来源。基于Zumbro聚焦成像磁透镜的质子照相技术,可基本消除散射角引起的成像模糊,实现几十μm的空间分辨,但无法对能损信息进行优化是其空间分辨能力难以进一步提升的主要原因。为利用透射质子的能损信息,进一步提高质子照相的空间分辨能力,提出了一种新型的成像磁透镜,称之为能损型聚焦成像磁透镜。基于11 MeV低能能损型质子照相的实验束线和Geant4模拟软件,建立全过程照相模型,研究11 MeV能损型成像束线的空间分辨能力。模拟研究表明：对于10 μm厚的Al箔,考虑点扩散函数等测量系统成像模糊的影响,11 MeV能损型成像束线可实现约30 μm的空间分辨。与等大型Zumbro磁透镜相比,空间分辨能力得到显著提升。     

共形单步交替方向隐式时域有限差分方法及其改进

提出了一种基于共形网格技术的共形单步交替方向隐式时域有限差分(CLeapfrog ADI-FDTD)方法。与常规FDTD方法相比,此方法能够减小由于目标边界不契合网格划分而引入的阶梯近似误差,提高算法计算不规则目标时的精度;同时算法稳定性更强,计算效率更高。由于引入共形技术后显著降低了原差分法的无条件稳定性,本文利用增长矩阵本征值方法理论分析了算法的稳定性,然后采用了一种改进的共形面积计算方法,在此基础上提出了一种稳定性更高的改进的共形单步交替方向隐式时域有限差分(ICLeapfrog ADI-FDTD)方法。数值算例验证了ICLeapfrog ADI-FDTD是一种具有高稳定性和高精度的高效算法。     

Al原子K壳层光电离的理论研究

基于多组态Dirac-Fock理论方法及其相应的GRASP2K和修改后的RATIP2012程序包,计算了极化光子入射Al原子K壳层光电离截面,并利用最新发展的RPI-E计算程序研究了K壳层光电子角分布,重点讨论了辐射场的非偶极项对光电离截面和光电子角分布的影响.结果表明,在入射光子5000 e V能量范围内,辐射场的非偶极效应对光电离总截面的影响可以忽略不计.随着入射光子能量的增加,辐射场的非偶极效应对光电子角分布的影响越来越大,入射光子能量在5000 eV,一级非偶极参数γ的数值达到1.5.     

δ-(Zn,Cr)S(111)表面上的Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya作用:第一性原理计算

根据密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了具有非中心反演对称的异质结δ-(Zn,Cr)S(111)体系的原子结构和电子结构.Cr原子之间通过第一层S原子传递磁性相互作用.结合广义布洛赫条件,又进一步计算了反方向的自旋螺旋能量与波矢的色散关系E(q)与E(-q).E(q)与E(-q)能量之差反映了δ-(Zn,Cr)S(111)的S层与Cr层之间空间反演对称性破缺引起的DMI的大小.通过海森伯相互作用(HBI)模型与Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya作用(DMI)模型拟合第一性原理计算值,得到了Cr原子间各近邻的HBI参数J_1-J_4与DMI参数d-_1,d_2.在δ-(Zn,Cr)S(111)中,Cr原子间的耦合为M型反铁磁.DMI参数d_1为-0.53 meV,为顺时针手性DMI,在δ-(Zn,Cr)S(111)界面上有可能会产生斯格明子.本文计算表明,磁性和非磁性半导体界面有可能存在DMI,为理论研究和磁存储技术的进步开拓一个新的方向.     

65 nm互补金属氧化物半导体场效应和晶体管总剂量效应及损伤机制

对65 nm互补金属氧化物半导体工艺下不同尺寸的N型和P型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(NMOSFET和PMOSFET)开展了不同偏置条件下电离总剂量辐照实验.结果表明:PMOSFET的电离辐射响应与器件结构和偏置条件均有很强的依赖性,而NMOSFET表现出较强的抗总剂量性能;在累积相同总剂量时,PMOSFET的辐照损伤远大于NMOSFET.结合理论分析和数值模拟给出了PMOSFET的辐射敏感位置及辐射损伤的物理机制.